CITI Training, Modules 1-24 Exam 2026
Questions and Answers
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two
ethical convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents,
and second, that:
A. Persons with diminished autonomy should only participate in no more than
minimal risk research.
B. Persons with diminished autonomy should be excluded from research.
C. Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
D. Persons involved in research cannot financially benefit. - Correct Answer -C.
Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be
applied to a study employing human subjects?
A. Ensuring that persons with diminished autonomy are protected.
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,B. Providing detailed information about the study and obtaining the subject's
consent to participate.
C. Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization
of risks.
D. Ensuring that the selection of subjects includes people from all segments of the
population. - Correct Answer -C. Determining that the study has a maximization of
benefits and a minimization of risks.
Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?
A. IRB Review, Federal Regulations, Declaration of Helsinki
B. Privacy, Confidentiality, Equitable Selection of Subjects
C. Informed Consent, Institutional Assurance, Researcher Responsibility
D. Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice - Correct Answer -D. Respect for
Persons, Beneficence, Justice
When an IRB is reviewing a research study and they are considering if a potential
subject population is vulnerable, they should consider:
A. Are there adequate resources to conduct the study?
B. Is there a power differential between researchers and subjects?
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,C. Has the researcher completed required training?
D. Are the research procedures greater than minimal risk of harm? - Correct
Answer -B. Is there a power differential between researchers and subjects?
Which is an example of a situation where deferential vulnerability might be a
factor?
A. An army medical officer recruiting subjects among lower ranks
B. A college professor recruiting among their students
C. A physician recruiting patients to be subjects
D. An employer recruiting among persons who directly report to them - Correct
Answer -C. A physician recruiting patients to be subjects
In considering NBAC's analytic approach, an otherwise competent person who is
acutely ill might be considered at especially high risk of harm for:
A. Economic vulnerability
B. Situational cognitive vulnerability
C. Capacity-related cognitive vulnerability
D. Communicative vulnerability - Correct Answer -B. Situational cognitive
vulnerability
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, Identify the following groups that are protected in the federal regulations (45 CFR
46), specifically in Subparts B, C, and D with additional protections:
A. Pregnant women, prisoners, and mentally disabled
B. Children, prisoners, and terminally ill
C. Prisoners, children, and elderly
D. Pregnant women, prisoners, children - Correct Answer -D. Pregnant women,
prisoners, children
The NBAC looks at characteristics individuals might have that would prevent them
from being able to provide voluntary informed consent. The traits may be thought
of as falling into six broad areas: cognitive or communicative, institutional,
deferential, medical, economic, and social. Prospective research subjects who are
not able to comprehend information, deliberate, and make decisions about
participation in a proposed research study have a:
A. Institutional vulnerability
B. Cognitive or communicative vulnerability
C. Physical vulnerability
D. Economic or social vulnerability - Correct Answer -B. Cognitive or
communicative vulnerability
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Questions and Answers
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two
ethical convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents,
and second, that:
A. Persons with diminished autonomy should only participate in no more than
minimal risk research.
B. Persons with diminished autonomy should be excluded from research.
C. Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
D. Persons involved in research cannot financially benefit. - Correct Answer -C.
Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be
applied to a study employing human subjects?
A. Ensuring that persons with diminished autonomy are protected.
©COPYRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,B. Providing detailed information about the study and obtaining the subject's
consent to participate.
C. Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization
of risks.
D. Ensuring that the selection of subjects includes people from all segments of the
population. - Correct Answer -C. Determining that the study has a maximization of
benefits and a minimization of risks.
Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?
A. IRB Review, Federal Regulations, Declaration of Helsinki
B. Privacy, Confidentiality, Equitable Selection of Subjects
C. Informed Consent, Institutional Assurance, Researcher Responsibility
D. Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice - Correct Answer -D. Respect for
Persons, Beneficence, Justice
When an IRB is reviewing a research study and they are considering if a potential
subject population is vulnerable, they should consider:
A. Are there adequate resources to conduct the study?
B. Is there a power differential between researchers and subjects?
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,C. Has the researcher completed required training?
D. Are the research procedures greater than minimal risk of harm? - Correct
Answer -B. Is there a power differential between researchers and subjects?
Which is an example of a situation where deferential vulnerability might be a
factor?
A. An army medical officer recruiting subjects among lower ranks
B. A college professor recruiting among their students
C. A physician recruiting patients to be subjects
D. An employer recruiting among persons who directly report to them - Correct
Answer -C. A physician recruiting patients to be subjects
In considering NBAC's analytic approach, an otherwise competent person who is
acutely ill might be considered at especially high risk of harm for:
A. Economic vulnerability
B. Situational cognitive vulnerability
C. Capacity-related cognitive vulnerability
D. Communicative vulnerability - Correct Answer -B. Situational cognitive
vulnerability
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, Identify the following groups that are protected in the federal regulations (45 CFR
46), specifically in Subparts B, C, and D with additional protections:
A. Pregnant women, prisoners, and mentally disabled
B. Children, prisoners, and terminally ill
C. Prisoners, children, and elderly
D. Pregnant women, prisoners, children - Correct Answer -D. Pregnant women,
prisoners, children
The NBAC looks at characteristics individuals might have that would prevent them
from being able to provide voluntary informed consent. The traits may be thought
of as falling into six broad areas: cognitive or communicative, institutional,
deferential, medical, economic, and social. Prospective research subjects who are
not able to comprehend information, deliberate, and make decisions about
participation in a proposed research study have a:
A. Institutional vulnerability
B. Cognitive or communicative vulnerability
C. Physical vulnerability
D. Economic or social vulnerability - Correct Answer -B. Cognitive or
communicative vulnerability
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