BIOL 3320 EXAM 5 QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
4 principal mechanisms of communication between cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-gap junctions
-neurotransmitters
-paracrines
-hormones
gap junctions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pores in cell membrane that allow signaling, molecules, nutrients,
and electrolytes to move from cell to cell
neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅released from neurons to travel across the synaptic cleft to
second cell
paracrines - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅secreted into tissue fluids to affect nearby cells
hormones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream to other tissues
and organs
every organ can make and secrete _____. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅hormones
exocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-glands that have ducts
-carry out secretion to the epithelial surface of the mucosa of the digestive tract
endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-glands that do not contain ducts
-contain fenestrated capillary networks that allow easy uptake of hormones into the bloodstream
_______ cells release hormones, releases bile into ducts, releases albumin, and blood clotting factors -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅liver
, what do the nervous/endocrine systems do during speed and resistance of response? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅nervous: reacts and stops quickly
endocrine: reacts slowly, effect may continue for days or longer
what do the nervous/endocrine systems do for adaptation to long term stimuli? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅nervous: response declines
endocrine: response persists
what do the nervous/endocrine systems do for area of effect? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅nervous:
targeted and specific
endocrine: general/widespread effects
which chemicals function as both hormones and neurotransmitters? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-
norepinephrine
-dopamine
-antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
what 2 things cause glycogen hydrolysis in the liver? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-norepinephrine
-glucagon
the hypothalamus controls the ______ gland. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pituitary
2 structures of the pituitary gland - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-adenohypophysis (anterior)
-neurohypophysis (posterior)
adenohypophysis is linked to the hypothalamus by the _____ _______ ______. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅hypophyseal portal system
abbreviation, source, and function of adrenocorticotropic hormone - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-ACTH
-anterior pituitary
4 principal mechanisms of communication between cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-gap junctions
-neurotransmitters
-paracrines
-hormones
gap junctions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pores in cell membrane that allow signaling, molecules, nutrients,
and electrolytes to move from cell to cell
neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅released from neurons to travel across the synaptic cleft to
second cell
paracrines - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅secreted into tissue fluids to affect nearby cells
hormones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream to other tissues
and organs
every organ can make and secrete _____. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅hormones
exocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-glands that have ducts
-carry out secretion to the epithelial surface of the mucosa of the digestive tract
endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-glands that do not contain ducts
-contain fenestrated capillary networks that allow easy uptake of hormones into the bloodstream
_______ cells release hormones, releases bile into ducts, releases albumin, and blood clotting factors -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅liver
, what do the nervous/endocrine systems do during speed and resistance of response? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅nervous: reacts and stops quickly
endocrine: reacts slowly, effect may continue for days or longer
what do the nervous/endocrine systems do for adaptation to long term stimuli? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅nervous: response declines
endocrine: response persists
what do the nervous/endocrine systems do for area of effect? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅nervous:
targeted and specific
endocrine: general/widespread effects
which chemicals function as both hormones and neurotransmitters? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-
norepinephrine
-dopamine
-antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
what 2 things cause glycogen hydrolysis in the liver? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-norepinephrine
-glucagon
the hypothalamus controls the ______ gland. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pituitary
2 structures of the pituitary gland - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-adenohypophysis (anterior)
-neurohypophysis (posterior)
adenohypophysis is linked to the hypothalamus by the _____ _______ ______. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅hypophyseal portal system
abbreviation, source, and function of adrenocorticotropic hormone - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-ACTH
-anterior pituitary
