APG 200 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
Linguistically - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Many linguistic anthropologists would agree with the statement
that a group of people who are set apart socially from others somehow will probably be set apart
_____________ as well
emergent groups that are fluid and overlapping, and that have greater or lesser relevance for individuals
depending on the circumstances - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The concepts such as lingusitic community,
speech area, speech networks and communities of practice, some scholars believe, allow for research
that treats communities not as static, pre-existing entities but as?
the size and location of the community, what is shared by members of the community, the type of
interactions the community members might or must have - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What are the 3
aspects of speech communities?
Speech community - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What concept has been argued "the unspoken basis of
most linguistics research"
Social - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅De Saussure demonstrates that the changes that language inevitably
undergo through time are the product of _______ forces
Unspecified - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"The language" is set apart as an entity unto itself and the linguistic
community and social forces are left ___________
Homogenous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Speakers of a language presumably constitute a __________
group in a speech community
Chomsky (later acknowledged this does not exist in the real world) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅" Linguistic
theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener, in a completely homogeneous speech
community, who knows its language perfectly and is unaffected by such grammatically irrelevant
conditions as memory limitations, distractions, shifts, of attention and interest, and errors in applying
his knowledge of the language in actual performance" Who's description of a speech community was
this?
,Linguistic structures - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅In both de Saussure and Chomsky's work on speech
community the main focus is on ______________, so while both refer in passing to groups of language
users, neither provides any details on the nature of those communities
speech community - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hymes stated that "the natural unit for socio-linguistic
taxonomy, however is not the language but the ________________
Social - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hymes focus on beliefs, values, attitudes and ways of speaking within a
community draws explicitly on Sapir's work and departs from the approach of linguists because the unit
of analysis for Hymes is a _______, rather than linguistic entity
True - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅T/F Gumperz stated "The universe is the speech community: any human
aggregate characterized by regular and frequent interaction by means of a shared body of verbal signs
and set off from similar aggregates by significant differences in language usage. Most groups of any
permanence, be they small bands bounded face-to- face contact, modern nations divisible into smaller
sub-regions, or even occupational associations or neighborhood gang, may be treated as speech
communities, provided they show linguistic peculiarities that warrant special study"
False (Did not assume) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅T/F Gumperz assumed that members of speech
communities all speak the same way, or even the same language
multilingual and multidialectal communities - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Gumperz has always been
centrally concerned with ____________ and ___________ communities in his research
verbal repertoire - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Although members of such speech communities might not all
share a style, a dialect or even a language, they nevertheless share a ______________
social norms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Regardless of the linguistic differences among them, Gumperz
notes, the speech varieties employed within a speech community form a system because they are
related to a shared set of ____________
Frequent interaction among the members must occur, The members of the speech community must
share a "verbal repertoire" even though they may not all speak the same style, dialect or even language,
The members of the speech community must also share a set of social norms regarding appropriate
, language use (language ideologies) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What are the 3 requirements for speech
community?
While they did discover the expected variation in actual usage, they were surprised to find that a small
subset of their research subjects only used nonstandard forms of Spanish and did not appear to be
aware at all either of the existence of standard forms or of the stigma associated with the nonstandard
forms they themselves used - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Santa Ana and Parodi, sociolinguists who propose
for the population they studied in Mexico a nested, multi-level reworking of Labov's model of the
speech community, They recorded 50 hours of data from 35 Spanish speakers using multiple methods
such as sociolinguistic interviews, fill-in-the-blank tests and role plays in which subjects were asked to
teach a non-native speaker the appropriate way to talk to social superiors and subordinates in specific
situations, what did they find?
False (did not employ) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅T/F Santa Ana and Parodi did employ ethnographic
methods as linguistic anthropologists almost always do
Locale (I), Vicinity (II), District (III), and National (IV - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅When Santa Ana and Parodi
propose for this area of Mexico is a "model of nested speech-community configurations", they maintain
that individuals in each of what 4 types of typology?
Differ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Locale (I), Vicinity (II), District (III), and National (IV)- have increasingly
large fields of action that bring them into contact with more and more people whose linguistic practices
and norms might _______ from their own
the types of social relationships participants have - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Individuals occupying
different fields of typology often live in the same neighborhood or even in the same family, so the
groupings are based not on geography but on?
Linguistic and social - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The different fields of typology different spheres of
economic and social activity lead to different levels of awareness of various sociolinguistic normas or
stigmas and are related to __________ and _________ hierarchies
Locale Field (I) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Typology field where individuals are unaware of the existence of
stigmatized, regional or standardized national variants
Linguistically - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Many linguistic anthropologists would agree with the statement
that a group of people who are set apart socially from others somehow will probably be set apart
_____________ as well
emergent groups that are fluid and overlapping, and that have greater or lesser relevance for individuals
depending on the circumstances - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The concepts such as lingusitic community,
speech area, speech networks and communities of practice, some scholars believe, allow for research
that treats communities not as static, pre-existing entities but as?
the size and location of the community, what is shared by members of the community, the type of
interactions the community members might or must have - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What are the 3
aspects of speech communities?
Speech community - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What concept has been argued "the unspoken basis of
most linguistics research"
Social - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅De Saussure demonstrates that the changes that language inevitably
undergo through time are the product of _______ forces
Unspecified - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"The language" is set apart as an entity unto itself and the linguistic
community and social forces are left ___________
Homogenous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Speakers of a language presumably constitute a __________
group in a speech community
Chomsky (later acknowledged this does not exist in the real world) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅" Linguistic
theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener, in a completely homogeneous speech
community, who knows its language perfectly and is unaffected by such grammatically irrelevant
conditions as memory limitations, distractions, shifts, of attention and interest, and errors in applying
his knowledge of the language in actual performance" Who's description of a speech community was
this?
,Linguistic structures - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅In both de Saussure and Chomsky's work on speech
community the main focus is on ______________, so while both refer in passing to groups of language
users, neither provides any details on the nature of those communities
speech community - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hymes stated that "the natural unit for socio-linguistic
taxonomy, however is not the language but the ________________
Social - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hymes focus on beliefs, values, attitudes and ways of speaking within a
community draws explicitly on Sapir's work and departs from the approach of linguists because the unit
of analysis for Hymes is a _______, rather than linguistic entity
True - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅T/F Gumperz stated "The universe is the speech community: any human
aggregate characterized by regular and frequent interaction by means of a shared body of verbal signs
and set off from similar aggregates by significant differences in language usage. Most groups of any
permanence, be they small bands bounded face-to- face contact, modern nations divisible into smaller
sub-regions, or even occupational associations or neighborhood gang, may be treated as speech
communities, provided they show linguistic peculiarities that warrant special study"
False (Did not assume) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅T/F Gumperz assumed that members of speech
communities all speak the same way, or even the same language
multilingual and multidialectal communities - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Gumperz has always been
centrally concerned with ____________ and ___________ communities in his research
verbal repertoire - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Although members of such speech communities might not all
share a style, a dialect or even a language, they nevertheless share a ______________
social norms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Regardless of the linguistic differences among them, Gumperz
notes, the speech varieties employed within a speech community form a system because they are
related to a shared set of ____________
Frequent interaction among the members must occur, The members of the speech community must
share a "verbal repertoire" even though they may not all speak the same style, dialect or even language,
The members of the speech community must also share a set of social norms regarding appropriate
, language use (language ideologies) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What are the 3 requirements for speech
community?
While they did discover the expected variation in actual usage, they were surprised to find that a small
subset of their research subjects only used nonstandard forms of Spanish and did not appear to be
aware at all either of the existence of standard forms or of the stigma associated with the nonstandard
forms they themselves used - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Santa Ana and Parodi, sociolinguists who propose
for the population they studied in Mexico a nested, multi-level reworking of Labov's model of the
speech community, They recorded 50 hours of data from 35 Spanish speakers using multiple methods
such as sociolinguistic interviews, fill-in-the-blank tests and role plays in which subjects were asked to
teach a non-native speaker the appropriate way to talk to social superiors and subordinates in specific
situations, what did they find?
False (did not employ) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅T/F Santa Ana and Parodi did employ ethnographic
methods as linguistic anthropologists almost always do
Locale (I), Vicinity (II), District (III), and National (IV - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅When Santa Ana and Parodi
propose for this area of Mexico is a "model of nested speech-community configurations", they maintain
that individuals in each of what 4 types of typology?
Differ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Locale (I), Vicinity (II), District (III), and National (IV)- have increasingly
large fields of action that bring them into contact with more and more people whose linguistic practices
and norms might _______ from their own
the types of social relationships participants have - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Individuals occupying
different fields of typology often live in the same neighborhood or even in the same family, so the
groupings are based not on geography but on?
Linguistic and social - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The different fields of typology different spheres of
economic and social activity lead to different levels of awareness of various sociolinguistic normas or
stigmas and are related to __________ and _________ hierarchies
Locale Field (I) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Typology field where individuals are unaware of the existence of
stigmatized, regional or standardized national variants
