BIO 207 exam 1 umich UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - microscopic single-cell organisms, self replicating
"machine" that carries out bioconversions, everywhere
enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - biological catalyst, lowers the activation energy of a
rxn, increases the rate of the chemical rxns
biogeochemical cycles - CORRECT ANSWER - "earths recycling program", pathways
through which chemical substances move through different biotic and abiotic compartments of
earth
microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER - positive: fresh water reclamation, sewage
treatment and septic fields, cleaning up pollutants, production of biofuels
negative: emergence of antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance
impact of microorganisms on human health - CORRECT ANSWER - can be directly
beneficial or harmful to humans
microbiome - CORRECT ANSWER - synthesize useful metabolites and other nutrients,
important for digestion of carbohydrates, compete with pathogens for space and resources,
promotes well-regulated responses
metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical transformation of nutrients
reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER - generation of two cells from one
differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER - synthesis of new substances or structures that
modify the cell
,communication - CORRECT ANSWER - generation of, and response to, chemical signals
evolution - CORRECT ANSWER - genetic changes in cells that are transferred to
offspring
eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - contain membrane-bound organelles, DNA enclosed
in a nucleus, generally larger and more complex
prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - no membrane-enclosed organelles, no nucleus,
generally smaller than eukaryotic cells
phage/virus - CORRECT ANSWER - can infect specific cells and replicate while inside
the cell, not a microbe
archaea - CORRECT ANSWER - live in extreme environments, morphologically resemble
bacteria, cell walls contain different kinds of amino acids and sugars than bacteria and different
lipid structures and chemical links in the membranes
methanogens - CORRECT ANSWER - produce methane gas as a waste product of their
"digestion", process of making energy
halophiles - CORRECT ANSWER - live in salty environments
thermophiles - CORRECT ANSWER - live in extremely hot temperatures
psychrophiles - CORRECT ANSWER - live at extremely cold temperatures
fungi - CORRECT ANSWER - eukaryotic cells, do not carry out photosynthesis, cell
walls with chitin, membranes contain ergosterol
, absorptive nutrition of fungi - CORRECT ANSWER - fungi secrete enzymes and then
absorb the broken-down nutrients
mycology - CORRECT ANSWER - study of fungi, more than 100,000 species, both
unicellular and multicellular
yeasts - CORRECT ANSWER - unicellular fungi, reproduce by budding (blip off side)
molds - CORRECT ANSWER - mycelial masses
hyphae - CORRECT ANSWER - multinucleate cell filaments which extend and form
branches generating a mycelium, expands at the tip by expanding the cell membrane through
incorporating ER-generate vesicles
hyphal cell biology - CORRECT ANSWER - cytoplasmic expansion is driven by turgor
pressure against the chitin cell wall, enzymes are secreted at the tip and nutrients are absorbed
behind the apical zone
major clades of fungi - CORRECT ANSWER - chytridiomycota, zygomycota,
ascomycota, basidiomycota
basidiomycete - CORRECT ANSWER - mushrooms, underground secondary mycelia of
some mushrooms for mycorrhizae with tree roots
mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - symbiotic association between plant roots and
fungi
ectomycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - hyphae of fungi do NOT penetrate the cell wall
of the plants root cells, stay outside
Questions and CORRECT Answers
microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - microscopic single-cell organisms, self replicating
"machine" that carries out bioconversions, everywhere
enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - biological catalyst, lowers the activation energy of a
rxn, increases the rate of the chemical rxns
biogeochemical cycles - CORRECT ANSWER - "earths recycling program", pathways
through which chemical substances move through different biotic and abiotic compartments of
earth
microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER - positive: fresh water reclamation, sewage
treatment and septic fields, cleaning up pollutants, production of biofuels
negative: emergence of antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance
impact of microorganisms on human health - CORRECT ANSWER - can be directly
beneficial or harmful to humans
microbiome - CORRECT ANSWER - synthesize useful metabolites and other nutrients,
important for digestion of carbohydrates, compete with pathogens for space and resources,
promotes well-regulated responses
metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical transformation of nutrients
reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER - generation of two cells from one
differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER - synthesis of new substances or structures that
modify the cell
,communication - CORRECT ANSWER - generation of, and response to, chemical signals
evolution - CORRECT ANSWER - genetic changes in cells that are transferred to
offspring
eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - contain membrane-bound organelles, DNA enclosed
in a nucleus, generally larger and more complex
prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - no membrane-enclosed organelles, no nucleus,
generally smaller than eukaryotic cells
phage/virus - CORRECT ANSWER - can infect specific cells and replicate while inside
the cell, not a microbe
archaea - CORRECT ANSWER - live in extreme environments, morphologically resemble
bacteria, cell walls contain different kinds of amino acids and sugars than bacteria and different
lipid structures and chemical links in the membranes
methanogens - CORRECT ANSWER - produce methane gas as a waste product of their
"digestion", process of making energy
halophiles - CORRECT ANSWER - live in salty environments
thermophiles - CORRECT ANSWER - live in extremely hot temperatures
psychrophiles - CORRECT ANSWER - live at extremely cold temperatures
fungi - CORRECT ANSWER - eukaryotic cells, do not carry out photosynthesis, cell
walls with chitin, membranes contain ergosterol
, absorptive nutrition of fungi - CORRECT ANSWER - fungi secrete enzymes and then
absorb the broken-down nutrients
mycology - CORRECT ANSWER - study of fungi, more than 100,000 species, both
unicellular and multicellular
yeasts - CORRECT ANSWER - unicellular fungi, reproduce by budding (blip off side)
molds - CORRECT ANSWER - mycelial masses
hyphae - CORRECT ANSWER - multinucleate cell filaments which extend and form
branches generating a mycelium, expands at the tip by expanding the cell membrane through
incorporating ER-generate vesicles
hyphal cell biology - CORRECT ANSWER - cytoplasmic expansion is driven by turgor
pressure against the chitin cell wall, enzymes are secreted at the tip and nutrients are absorbed
behind the apical zone
major clades of fungi - CORRECT ANSWER - chytridiomycota, zygomycota,
ascomycota, basidiomycota
basidiomycete - CORRECT ANSWER - mushrooms, underground secondary mycelia of
some mushrooms for mycorrhizae with tree roots
mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - symbiotic association between plant roots and
fungi
ectomycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - hyphae of fungi do NOT penetrate the cell wall
of the plants root cells, stay outside
