BIO 207 UMICH EXAM 1 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - single-cell organisms
how can microbes exist? - CORRECT ANSWER - as single cells or in various types of
colonies or multi-cellular formations that exhibit cellular differentiation
why is genetic diversity important? - CORRECT ANSWER - genetic diversity -> gene
diversity -> enzyme diversity -> biochemical diversity -> biological function diversity
the overwhelming proportion of genetic diversity is encoded by - CORRECT ANSWER -
microbes
enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - biological catalyst
typically protein (sometimes RNA-based enzymes)
catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER - lowers activation energy of a rxn
is not modified as a result of the reaction
increases the rate of chemical reactions by 10^8 to 10^20 times the spontaneous rate
microbe is a self-replicating machine that - CORRECT ANSWER - carries out
bioconversions
microbe makes the enzyme that converts A into B
examples of microbes as bioconversion machines - CORRECT ANSWER - milk ->
yogurt/cheese
grapes -> wine
,photosynthesis
nitrogen fixation
dead plants -> compost
live tissues -> disease
phytoplankton - CORRECT ANSWER - tiny microscopic life forms (algae) that form the
base of the marine food chain and provide 50-85% of the planet's atmospheric oxygen (there is
seasonal variation)
which waters are favorable for phytoplankton to flourish? - CORRECT ANSWER - colder
surface waters
biogeochemical cycles - CORRECT ANSWER - pathways through which chemical
substances and elements move through different biotic and abiotic compartments of Earth (via
chemical conversion)
positives of microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - fresh water reclamation
sewage treatment and septic fields
cleaning up pollutants (bioremediation)
production of biofuels (methane, ethanol, hydrogen)
negatives of microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - emergence of antibiotic and antimicrobial
resistance
microorganism as infectious disease agents - CORRECT ANSWER - washing hands in
between patients reduced the occurrence of many infectious diseases
parasitic diseases - CORRECT ANSWER - 2.85 billion people worldwide (mostly in
tropic and sub-tropic) infected by at least one parasitic microorganism
,trypanosoma brucei - CORRECT ANSWER - a major human pathogen cousins sleeping
sickness
trypanosoma cruzi - CORRECT ANSWER - a major human pathogen that causes Chagas
disease
more microorganisms are - CORRECT ANSWER - beneficial
microbiome of body - CORRECT ANSWER - each body site is colonized predominantly
by only certain bacterial species
postive impacts of the microbiome - CORRECT ANSWER - -synthesize useful
metabolites and other nutrients
-digestion of carbohydrates
-complete with pathogens for space and resources (colonization resistance)
-promotes well-regulated immune responses ("helps prevent chronic inflammatory disease")
seeing microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - too small to be seen by the unaided human eye
detect presence of microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - by sight, chemical signature,
biochemical activity
capturing microbes from wild - CORRECT ANSWER - pure form (free from
contaminants)
controlling microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - keeping them active/alive
study them in a control setting or in the wild
types of microscopes - CORRECT ANSWER - modern light microscope
, electron microscope
scanning electron micrograph
transmission electron micrograph
what can you see with light microscope? - CORRECT ANSWER - hair
molds
blood cell
yeast, algae, protozoa, plant cells, human cells
bacteria
archaeologists, mitochondria, chloroplasts
what can you see with electron microscope? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood cell
bacteria
virus
bacteriophage
DNA
glucose
atom
characteristics of living cells - CORRECT ANSWER - metabolism
reproduction
differentiation
communication
evolution
metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical transformation of nutrients
reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER - generation of two cells from one
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - single-cell organisms
how can microbes exist? - CORRECT ANSWER - as single cells or in various types of
colonies or multi-cellular formations that exhibit cellular differentiation
why is genetic diversity important? - CORRECT ANSWER - genetic diversity -> gene
diversity -> enzyme diversity -> biochemical diversity -> biological function diversity
the overwhelming proportion of genetic diversity is encoded by - CORRECT ANSWER -
microbes
enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - biological catalyst
typically protein (sometimes RNA-based enzymes)
catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER - lowers activation energy of a rxn
is not modified as a result of the reaction
increases the rate of chemical reactions by 10^8 to 10^20 times the spontaneous rate
microbe is a self-replicating machine that - CORRECT ANSWER - carries out
bioconversions
microbe makes the enzyme that converts A into B
examples of microbes as bioconversion machines - CORRECT ANSWER - milk ->
yogurt/cheese
grapes -> wine
,photosynthesis
nitrogen fixation
dead plants -> compost
live tissues -> disease
phytoplankton - CORRECT ANSWER - tiny microscopic life forms (algae) that form the
base of the marine food chain and provide 50-85% of the planet's atmospheric oxygen (there is
seasonal variation)
which waters are favorable for phytoplankton to flourish? - CORRECT ANSWER - colder
surface waters
biogeochemical cycles - CORRECT ANSWER - pathways through which chemical
substances and elements move through different biotic and abiotic compartments of Earth (via
chemical conversion)
positives of microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - fresh water reclamation
sewage treatment and septic fields
cleaning up pollutants (bioremediation)
production of biofuels (methane, ethanol, hydrogen)
negatives of microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - emergence of antibiotic and antimicrobial
resistance
microorganism as infectious disease agents - CORRECT ANSWER - washing hands in
between patients reduced the occurrence of many infectious diseases
parasitic diseases - CORRECT ANSWER - 2.85 billion people worldwide (mostly in
tropic and sub-tropic) infected by at least one parasitic microorganism
,trypanosoma brucei - CORRECT ANSWER - a major human pathogen cousins sleeping
sickness
trypanosoma cruzi - CORRECT ANSWER - a major human pathogen that causes Chagas
disease
more microorganisms are - CORRECT ANSWER - beneficial
microbiome of body - CORRECT ANSWER - each body site is colonized predominantly
by only certain bacterial species
postive impacts of the microbiome - CORRECT ANSWER - -synthesize useful
metabolites and other nutrients
-digestion of carbohydrates
-complete with pathogens for space and resources (colonization resistance)
-promotes well-regulated immune responses ("helps prevent chronic inflammatory disease")
seeing microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - too small to be seen by the unaided human eye
detect presence of microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - by sight, chemical signature,
biochemical activity
capturing microbes from wild - CORRECT ANSWER - pure form (free from
contaminants)
controlling microbes - CORRECT ANSWER - keeping them active/alive
study them in a control setting or in the wild
types of microscopes - CORRECT ANSWER - modern light microscope
, electron microscope
scanning electron micrograph
transmission electron micrograph
what can you see with light microscope? - CORRECT ANSWER - hair
molds
blood cell
yeast, algae, protozoa, plant cells, human cells
bacteria
archaeologists, mitochondria, chloroplasts
what can you see with electron microscope? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood cell
bacteria
virus
bacteriophage
DNA
glucose
atom
characteristics of living cells - CORRECT ANSWER - metabolism
reproduction
differentiation
communication
evolution
metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical transformation of nutrients
reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER - generation of two cells from one
