BIO 207 REVIEW, genetics final part 1
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
true or false: the same locus on a pair of homologous chromosomes may have different alleles -
CORRECT ANSWER - true
true or false: homologous chromosomes are homozygous at all loci - CORRECT
ANSWER - false
true or false: if an individuals genotype is represented by the information found on 6
chromosomes the haploid number is 3 - CORRECT ANSWER - true
true or false: there are only ever two alleles of a given gene present in a population - CORRECT
ANSWER - false
a monohybrid cross but the phenotypes arranged into thirds rather than quarters - CORRECT
ANSWER - recessive lethal
a monohybrid cross that changes depending on the sex of the parental strains - CORRECT
ANSWER - sex linked
a monohybrid cross where 3 phenotypes are observed instead to two - CORRECT
ANSWER - co dominance
a monohybrid cross where the f2 males exhibit the expected 3:1 ratio but the f2 females do now -
CORRECT ANSWER - sex limited
why will x-linked recessive conditions that prevent reproduction only be observed in males -
CORRECT ANSWER - because to be an affected male you only need to receive a single
,copy from you carrier mother; because to be an affected female you must inherit one copy of the
mutant allele from toy father and one from your mother
two genes found on the same chromosome are said to be - CORRECT ANSWER - linked
what is the parental genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - the genotype for which no
recombination has occurred
what leads to recombination of alleles in eukaryotes even when the gene are found on the same
chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER - crossing over
if the distance between two genes on the chromosome is far enough that there is no restraints to
crossing over what will the recombination frequency be - CORRECT ANSWER - 50%
spontantous mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - caused by error intrinsic to cells
physiology
mispairing - CORRECT ANSWER - commonly caused by the tautomeric shifts
homologous recombination repair - CORRECT ANSWER - repairs double-strand breaks
using a template sequence
induced mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - caused by physical factors in the environment
excision repair - CORRECT ANSWER - removes larger lesion from the DNA molecule
retrotransposons - CORRECT ANSWER - copy paste
frameshift mutations - CORRECT ANSWER - can lead to a translation of a completely
different polypeptide
,chromosomal rearrangement - CORRECT ANSWER - large scale class of mutation
DNA transposons - CORRECT ANSWER - cut and paste
nonsense point mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - creates premature stop codons
somatic mutations - CORRECT ANSWER - can't be passed down to offspring
missense mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - changes an amino acid at a single position
haploinsuffiency - CORRECT ANSWER - dominant null caused because one functional
gene is not enough
in most cases Down syndrome the affected individual is ----- for chrome 21 - CORRECT
ANSWER - triploid
the phenotypic effects are thought to be cause by a region of the chromosome that Is sensitive to
------. - CORRECT ANSWER - gene dosage
a much rarer inheritable form of downs is caused by a-------. - CORRECT ANSWER -
transloaction
carriers are not affected by the downs but there children may be if a gamete containing ------ is
combined wit an ordinary haploid gamete coming from the other parent - CORRECT
ANSWER - the altered chromosome and unaltered chromosome 21
the affected individual will be - CORRECT ANSWER - 2N
, autopolyploidy - CORRECT ANSWER - arise from repeat rounds of replication
male with addition chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER - XXY
only monosomy observed in humans - CORRECT ANSWER - XO
monosomy - CORRECT ANSWER - 2N-1
allopolyploidy - CORRECT ANSWER - arise from hybridization
semi sterility - CORRECT ANSWER - observed in individuals heterozygous for
translocations
inversion - CORRECT ANSWER - genes in reverse order along chromosomes (compared
to normal)
copy number variants - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA markers
what type of alterations can be tottered in the individual but can create problems when the
chromosomes are segregating during meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER - transactions, and
inversions
post transcriptional regulation can occur at the level of transcript maturation (--------) and
transcript abundance (------) - CORRECT ANSWER - alternative splicing ; RNA stability
alternative splicing might mean that a functional transcript is or is not made. it can also mean that
a certain transcript of the two or more possible transcripts is made. different proteins that are
encoded on the same gene are known as -------- - CORRECT ANSWER - isoforms
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
true or false: the same locus on a pair of homologous chromosomes may have different alleles -
CORRECT ANSWER - true
true or false: homologous chromosomes are homozygous at all loci - CORRECT
ANSWER - false
true or false: if an individuals genotype is represented by the information found on 6
chromosomes the haploid number is 3 - CORRECT ANSWER - true
true or false: there are only ever two alleles of a given gene present in a population - CORRECT
ANSWER - false
a monohybrid cross but the phenotypes arranged into thirds rather than quarters - CORRECT
ANSWER - recessive lethal
a monohybrid cross that changes depending on the sex of the parental strains - CORRECT
ANSWER - sex linked
a monohybrid cross where 3 phenotypes are observed instead to two - CORRECT
ANSWER - co dominance
a monohybrid cross where the f2 males exhibit the expected 3:1 ratio but the f2 females do now -
CORRECT ANSWER - sex limited
why will x-linked recessive conditions that prevent reproduction only be observed in males -
CORRECT ANSWER - because to be an affected male you only need to receive a single
,copy from you carrier mother; because to be an affected female you must inherit one copy of the
mutant allele from toy father and one from your mother
two genes found on the same chromosome are said to be - CORRECT ANSWER - linked
what is the parental genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - the genotype for which no
recombination has occurred
what leads to recombination of alleles in eukaryotes even when the gene are found on the same
chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER - crossing over
if the distance between two genes on the chromosome is far enough that there is no restraints to
crossing over what will the recombination frequency be - CORRECT ANSWER - 50%
spontantous mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - caused by error intrinsic to cells
physiology
mispairing - CORRECT ANSWER - commonly caused by the tautomeric shifts
homologous recombination repair - CORRECT ANSWER - repairs double-strand breaks
using a template sequence
induced mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - caused by physical factors in the environment
excision repair - CORRECT ANSWER - removes larger lesion from the DNA molecule
retrotransposons - CORRECT ANSWER - copy paste
frameshift mutations - CORRECT ANSWER - can lead to a translation of a completely
different polypeptide
,chromosomal rearrangement - CORRECT ANSWER - large scale class of mutation
DNA transposons - CORRECT ANSWER - cut and paste
nonsense point mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - creates premature stop codons
somatic mutations - CORRECT ANSWER - can't be passed down to offspring
missense mutation - CORRECT ANSWER - changes an amino acid at a single position
haploinsuffiency - CORRECT ANSWER - dominant null caused because one functional
gene is not enough
in most cases Down syndrome the affected individual is ----- for chrome 21 - CORRECT
ANSWER - triploid
the phenotypic effects are thought to be cause by a region of the chromosome that Is sensitive to
------. - CORRECT ANSWER - gene dosage
a much rarer inheritable form of downs is caused by a-------. - CORRECT ANSWER -
transloaction
carriers are not affected by the downs but there children may be if a gamete containing ------ is
combined wit an ordinary haploid gamete coming from the other parent - CORRECT
ANSWER - the altered chromosome and unaltered chromosome 21
the affected individual will be - CORRECT ANSWER - 2N
, autopolyploidy - CORRECT ANSWER - arise from repeat rounds of replication
male with addition chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER - XXY
only monosomy observed in humans - CORRECT ANSWER - XO
monosomy - CORRECT ANSWER - 2N-1
allopolyploidy - CORRECT ANSWER - arise from hybridization
semi sterility - CORRECT ANSWER - observed in individuals heterozygous for
translocations
inversion - CORRECT ANSWER - genes in reverse order along chromosomes (compared
to normal)
copy number variants - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA markers
what type of alterations can be tottered in the individual but can create problems when the
chromosomes are segregating during meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER - transactions, and
inversions
post transcriptional regulation can occur at the level of transcript maturation (--------) and
transcript abundance (------) - CORRECT ANSWER - alternative splicing ; RNA stability
alternative splicing might mean that a functional transcript is or is not made. it can also mean that
a certain transcript of the two or more possible transcripts is made. different proteins that are
encoded on the same gene are known as -------- - CORRECT ANSWER - isoforms
