Test Bank for Kuby Immunology with Covid 19 Digital Update 8th Edition
TEST BANK
KUBY IMMUNOLOGY WITH COVID 19 DIGITAL UPDATE
8TH EDITION (W. H. FREEMAN, 2022) BY STRANFORD,
OWEN, PUNT AND JONES, ISBN NO; 9781319495299
(CHAPTERS 1-21) COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE!!!!!!!!!
, Test Bank for Kuby Immunology with Covid 19 Digital Update 8th Edition
Test Bank for Kuby Immunology with Covid 19 Digital Update 8th
Edition (W. H. Freeman, 2022) by Stranford, Owen, Punt and Jones,
Isbn no; 9781319495299 (Chapters 1-21) Complete Study Guide!!!!!!
Chapter 01 Test Bank for Kuby Immunology with Covid 19 Digital Update 8th Edition
(W. H. Freeman, 2022) by Stranford, Owen, Punt and Jones, Isbn no; 9781319495299
(Chapters 1-21) Complete Study Guide!!!!!!
1. Two of the main, early theories proposed to explain how antigen-specific
antibodies develop were the instructional theory and the selective theory. How did
the two differ? Which was ultimately shown to be CORRECT?
CORRECT ANSWER: The selective theory says that, when an antigen receptor binds
with an antigen, the cell becomes activated (or the cell is selected to
proliferate and secrete more copies of the receptor). The instructional theory
says that the antigen receptor molds itself to the antigen. The selective theory
was shown to be correct.
2. Often, serendipity plays a role in significant scientific discoveries. In
your own words, explain how serendipity led Pasteur to discover a cholera vaccine.
CORRECT ANSWER: Pasteur developed the vaccine in chickens, which were in short
supply. He challenged groups of chickens with cholera bacteria—some of which were
previously exposed to an attenuated version of cholera bacteria. Only the
previously exposed animals were protected from a new challenge, which led to the
use of weakened pathogens as vaccines.
3. Despite its having been eradicated on a global scale, smallpox is presently
considered a potential bioterrorism threat. Why? Use evidence to support your
answer.
CORRECT ANSWER: After eradication was achieved, smallpox vaccination programs
largely ended. As populations continued to grow over time, an ever-increasing
percentage of the human population remains unvaccinated and thus, is still
susceptible to the disease.
4. Prior to 1999, it was claimed that a thimerosal additive in vaccines was
contributing to the rising incidence of autism. If the claims were true, what
resultant trend might you expect to observe in the rate of autism once thimerosal
was removed from vaccines?
CORRECT ANSWER: One would reasonably expect a decrease in the rate of autism.
However, cases of autism continued to rise after thimerosal was removed from
vaccines in 2001.
, Test Bank for Kuby Immunology with Covid 19 Digital Update 8th Edition
5. Given the discovery and development of effective antibiotics, make an
argument for the continued use of vaccines against bacterial pathogens. Use
evidence to support your answer.
CORRECT ANSWER: Antibiotics are used for treatment of disease, not typically for
prevention. Antibiotic treatment is not foolproof (considering the rising
incidence of antibiotic resistance). Vaccines are a preventative measure, and
prevention is the gold standard for infectious disease control measures.
6. You have a friend unfamiliar with immunology, and he asks you the following
question: "Why do I need the flu shot every year, but don't need an annual
chickenpox vaccine?" As a student of immunology, how would you explain this
discrepancy to your friend? Use evidence to support your answer.
CORRECT ANSWER: The virus that causes the flu changes every year - as a result, a
new flu vaccine must be prepared each year based on a predication of the most
common forms of the virus likely to be encountered. Vaccines are specific in the
type of pathogen against which they protect, and protection against one type does
not guarantee protection against pathogens that are closely-related.
7. Provide one benefit and one drawback of generating random recognition
receptors during the development of B cells.
CORRECT ANSWER: A benefit is having the capacity to recognize and respond to
diverse pathogens as they evolve. A drawback is that some recognition receptors
could potentially recognize and target host antigens.
8. A portion of our immune systems' white blood cells is constantly
circulating throughout the body via circulation and lymphatics. What is the
benefit of such circulation?
CORRECT ANSWER: The circulation of the white blood cells allows for a more
comprehensive surveillance of the body for the presence of potential pathogens. A
significant portion of the human body is constantly exposed to potential microbial
pathogens.
9. Complete the following table by comparing and contrasting innate and
adaptive immune responses.
Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Is mediated by what cells?
What do they recognize?
How are the receptors encoded?
Why can't they control all infections alone? What do they do in response to
antigen?
, Test Bank for Kuby Immunology with Covid 19 Digital Update 8th Edition
CORRECT ANSWER:
Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity
Is mediated by what cells?
Macrophages, NK cells, neutrophils, mast cells eosinophils
T cells and B cells
What do they recognize?
How are the
Pathogen patterns Specific epitopes
Rearranged
receptors
encoded?
Why can't they control all infections alone?
What do they do in response to antigen?
Germ line
Pathogens evolve escape mechanisms
Engulf and destroy, induce inflammation
gene segments
Takes too long to develop
Produce antibodies, kill infected cells
TEST BANK
KUBY IMMUNOLOGY WITH COVID 19 DIGITAL UPDATE
8TH EDITION (W. H. FREEMAN, 2022) BY STRANFORD,
OWEN, PUNT AND JONES, ISBN NO; 9781319495299
(CHAPTERS 1-21) COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE!!!!!!!!!
, Test Bank for Kuby Immunology with Covid 19 Digital Update 8th Edition
Test Bank for Kuby Immunology with Covid 19 Digital Update 8th
Edition (W. H. Freeman, 2022) by Stranford, Owen, Punt and Jones,
Isbn no; 9781319495299 (Chapters 1-21) Complete Study Guide!!!!!!
Chapter 01 Test Bank for Kuby Immunology with Covid 19 Digital Update 8th Edition
(W. H. Freeman, 2022) by Stranford, Owen, Punt and Jones, Isbn no; 9781319495299
(Chapters 1-21) Complete Study Guide!!!!!!
1. Two of the main, early theories proposed to explain how antigen-specific
antibodies develop were the instructional theory and the selective theory. How did
the two differ? Which was ultimately shown to be CORRECT?
CORRECT ANSWER: The selective theory says that, when an antigen receptor binds
with an antigen, the cell becomes activated (or the cell is selected to
proliferate and secrete more copies of the receptor). The instructional theory
says that the antigen receptor molds itself to the antigen. The selective theory
was shown to be correct.
2. Often, serendipity plays a role in significant scientific discoveries. In
your own words, explain how serendipity led Pasteur to discover a cholera vaccine.
CORRECT ANSWER: Pasteur developed the vaccine in chickens, which were in short
supply. He challenged groups of chickens with cholera bacteria—some of which were
previously exposed to an attenuated version of cholera bacteria. Only the
previously exposed animals were protected from a new challenge, which led to the
use of weakened pathogens as vaccines.
3. Despite its having been eradicated on a global scale, smallpox is presently
considered a potential bioterrorism threat. Why? Use evidence to support your
answer.
CORRECT ANSWER: After eradication was achieved, smallpox vaccination programs
largely ended. As populations continued to grow over time, an ever-increasing
percentage of the human population remains unvaccinated and thus, is still
susceptible to the disease.
4. Prior to 1999, it was claimed that a thimerosal additive in vaccines was
contributing to the rising incidence of autism. If the claims were true, what
resultant trend might you expect to observe in the rate of autism once thimerosal
was removed from vaccines?
CORRECT ANSWER: One would reasonably expect a decrease in the rate of autism.
However, cases of autism continued to rise after thimerosal was removed from
vaccines in 2001.
, Test Bank for Kuby Immunology with Covid 19 Digital Update 8th Edition
5. Given the discovery and development of effective antibiotics, make an
argument for the continued use of vaccines against bacterial pathogens. Use
evidence to support your answer.
CORRECT ANSWER: Antibiotics are used for treatment of disease, not typically for
prevention. Antibiotic treatment is not foolproof (considering the rising
incidence of antibiotic resistance). Vaccines are a preventative measure, and
prevention is the gold standard for infectious disease control measures.
6. You have a friend unfamiliar with immunology, and he asks you the following
question: "Why do I need the flu shot every year, but don't need an annual
chickenpox vaccine?" As a student of immunology, how would you explain this
discrepancy to your friend? Use evidence to support your answer.
CORRECT ANSWER: The virus that causes the flu changes every year - as a result, a
new flu vaccine must be prepared each year based on a predication of the most
common forms of the virus likely to be encountered. Vaccines are specific in the
type of pathogen against which they protect, and protection against one type does
not guarantee protection against pathogens that are closely-related.
7. Provide one benefit and one drawback of generating random recognition
receptors during the development of B cells.
CORRECT ANSWER: A benefit is having the capacity to recognize and respond to
diverse pathogens as they evolve. A drawback is that some recognition receptors
could potentially recognize and target host antigens.
8. A portion of our immune systems' white blood cells is constantly
circulating throughout the body via circulation and lymphatics. What is the
benefit of such circulation?
CORRECT ANSWER: The circulation of the white blood cells allows for a more
comprehensive surveillance of the body for the presence of potential pathogens. A
significant portion of the human body is constantly exposed to potential microbial
pathogens.
9. Complete the following table by comparing and contrasting innate and
adaptive immune responses.
Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Is mediated by what cells?
What do they recognize?
How are the receptors encoded?
Why can't they control all infections alone? What do they do in response to
antigen?
, Test Bank for Kuby Immunology with Covid 19 Digital Update 8th Edition
CORRECT ANSWER:
Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity
Is mediated by what cells?
Macrophages, NK cells, neutrophils, mast cells eosinophils
T cells and B cells
What do they recognize?
How are the
Pathogen patterns Specific epitopes
Rearranged
receptors
encoded?
Why can't they control all infections alone?
What do they do in response to antigen?
Germ line
Pathogens evolve escape mechanisms
Engulf and destroy, induce inflammation
gene segments
Takes too long to develop
Produce antibodies, kill infected cells
