Bio 207 Final UPDATED Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
5 homeostatic functions of urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Regulates blood
volume and blood pressure
2. Regulates plasma ion concentrations
3. Helps stabilize blood pH
4. Conserves valuable nutrients
5. Assists liver in detoxifying poisons, heavy metals
6. Gluconeogenesis
glumerular filtration - CORRECT ANSWER - the movement of substances from the blood
within the glomerulus into the capsular space
tubular reabsorption - CORRECT ANSWER - the movement of substances from the
tubular fluid back into the blood
tubular secretion - CORRECT ANSWER - the movement of substances from the blood
into the tubular fluid
Afferent arterioles - CORRECT ANSWER - feed a ball- shaped capillary bed =
glomerulus.
Atafferent arteriole = see BP
Glomerulus and its capillaries are part of renal corpuscle of nephron that drains into - CORRECT
ANSWER - efferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole - CORRECT ANSWER - feeds into a second capillary bed = peritubular
capillaries = can get exchange = reabsorb or secrete stuff
,Peritubular capillaries - CORRECT ANSWER - form a network or plexus surrounding the
renaltubule of each nephron
Juxtaglomerular Complex - CORRECT ANSWER - Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells and
Macula densa.• Hormone erythropoietin• Enzyme renin
Macula densa sense changes in flow = sense changes in NaCl
Glomerulus - CORRECT ANSWER - filtration of blood
Control of the GFR - CORRECT ANSWER - Glomerular filtration rate
Autoregulation (local level) when BP increases - CORRECT ANSWER - at afferent
arteriole =automatically adjust to changes in blood pressure
Myogenic mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs when stretching triggers
contraction of smooth muscle cells in afferent arterioles.
Tubuloglomerular mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER - in macula densa = sense flow
changes in NaCl =provides feedback to glomerulus, inhibits release of NO (nitric oxide)
causingafferent arterioles to constrict
Hormonal regulation of GF - CORRECT ANSWER - Angiotensin II
Natriuretic peptides
Autonomic regulation (by sympathetic division of ANS) - CORRECT ANSWER - Kidney
blood vessels supplied by sympathetic ANS fibers that release norepinephrine causing
vasoconstriction
The Renin-Angiotensin System - CORRECT ANSWER - ANG II does all of the below
• Stimulates secretion of aldosterone•
, Stimulates thirst
• Triggers release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)• Increases sympathetic motor tone = potent
vasoconstrictor
Net result: Elevating arterial pressures throughout body
Aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER - A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
Stimulates Na+ reabsorption and enhances K+ excretion.
Vasopressin (ADH) - CORRECT ANSWER - A peptide hormone (antidiuretic hormone -
ADH)
Increases water reabsorption by the collecting duct by increasing thenumber of aquaporins
When is vasopressin released? - CORRECT ANSWER - inhibition: increasing blood
pressure detected by stretch receptors in theatria and baroreceptors in the carotid and aortic
bodies
Natriuretic Peptides - CORRECT ANSWER - Are released by the heart in response to
stretching walls due to increased blood volume or pressure = too much stress on heart
Elevates glomerular pressures and increases GFR
Maintain GFR - CORRECT ANSWER - Renal auto regulation maintains GFR despite
changes in the systemic BP
decreased BP: vasodilation
increases BP: Vasoconstriction
Decrease GFR - CORRECT ANSWER - The sympathetic division decreases GFR by
vasoconstricting
Urine production is decreased , which helps maintain BV
and CORRECT Answers
5 homeostatic functions of urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Regulates blood
volume and blood pressure
2. Regulates plasma ion concentrations
3. Helps stabilize blood pH
4. Conserves valuable nutrients
5. Assists liver in detoxifying poisons, heavy metals
6. Gluconeogenesis
glumerular filtration - CORRECT ANSWER - the movement of substances from the blood
within the glomerulus into the capsular space
tubular reabsorption - CORRECT ANSWER - the movement of substances from the
tubular fluid back into the blood
tubular secretion - CORRECT ANSWER - the movement of substances from the blood
into the tubular fluid
Afferent arterioles - CORRECT ANSWER - feed a ball- shaped capillary bed =
glomerulus.
Atafferent arteriole = see BP
Glomerulus and its capillaries are part of renal corpuscle of nephron that drains into - CORRECT
ANSWER - efferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole - CORRECT ANSWER - feeds into a second capillary bed = peritubular
capillaries = can get exchange = reabsorb or secrete stuff
,Peritubular capillaries - CORRECT ANSWER - form a network or plexus surrounding the
renaltubule of each nephron
Juxtaglomerular Complex - CORRECT ANSWER - Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells and
Macula densa.• Hormone erythropoietin• Enzyme renin
Macula densa sense changes in flow = sense changes in NaCl
Glomerulus - CORRECT ANSWER - filtration of blood
Control of the GFR - CORRECT ANSWER - Glomerular filtration rate
Autoregulation (local level) when BP increases - CORRECT ANSWER - at afferent
arteriole =automatically adjust to changes in blood pressure
Myogenic mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs when stretching triggers
contraction of smooth muscle cells in afferent arterioles.
Tubuloglomerular mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER - in macula densa = sense flow
changes in NaCl =provides feedback to glomerulus, inhibits release of NO (nitric oxide)
causingafferent arterioles to constrict
Hormonal regulation of GF - CORRECT ANSWER - Angiotensin II
Natriuretic peptides
Autonomic regulation (by sympathetic division of ANS) - CORRECT ANSWER - Kidney
blood vessels supplied by sympathetic ANS fibers that release norepinephrine causing
vasoconstriction
The Renin-Angiotensin System - CORRECT ANSWER - ANG II does all of the below
• Stimulates secretion of aldosterone•
, Stimulates thirst
• Triggers release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)• Increases sympathetic motor tone = potent
vasoconstrictor
Net result: Elevating arterial pressures throughout body
Aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER - A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
Stimulates Na+ reabsorption and enhances K+ excretion.
Vasopressin (ADH) - CORRECT ANSWER - A peptide hormone (antidiuretic hormone -
ADH)
Increases water reabsorption by the collecting duct by increasing thenumber of aquaporins
When is vasopressin released? - CORRECT ANSWER - inhibition: increasing blood
pressure detected by stretch receptors in theatria and baroreceptors in the carotid and aortic
bodies
Natriuretic Peptides - CORRECT ANSWER - Are released by the heart in response to
stretching walls due to increased blood volume or pressure = too much stress on heart
Elevates glomerular pressures and increases GFR
Maintain GFR - CORRECT ANSWER - Renal auto regulation maintains GFR despite
changes in the systemic BP
decreased BP: vasodilation
increases BP: Vasoconstriction
Decrease GFR - CORRECT ANSWER - The sympathetic division decreases GFR by
vasoconstricting
Urine production is decreased , which helps maintain BV
