Test Bank For Human Memory 4th Edition by Gabriel Radvansky, ISBN: 9780367252922, All 18 Chapters Covered ||Complete A+ Guide

,TEST BANK Human Memory 4th Edition by Gabriel Radvansky
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Chapter 1: Overview and History
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1. A relatively permanent record of an experience is the essence of
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a) behavioral potential ff



b) learning
c) memory * ff



d) performance

2. Which is not a way that the term “memory” is used by psychologists?
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a) as a unit of analysis * ff ff ff ff ff



b) as a storage mechanism ff ff ff



c) as a process ff ff



d) as a record ff ff




3. Memory is ff. ff



a) a storage facility ff ff



b) the result of experience ff ff ff



c) a process ff



d) all of the above * ff ff ff ff




4. Which is NOT a way that the term memory is used?
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a) an item that holds the contents of previous experiences
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b) a location where information is kept
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c) mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, or retrieving information
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d) a perfect replication of events *
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5. Which of the following is NOT an aspect of learning?
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a) behavior potential ff



b) maturation * ff



c) relative permanence ff



d) experience

6. Learning is ff. ff



a) a relatively permanent change in behavior potential
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b) a process ff



c) the result of experience ff ff ff



d) all of the above * ff ff ff ff




7. What is a good definition of learning?
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a) a change in the potential to alter behavior as a consequence of experience *
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b) putting information in the memory store ff ff ff ff ff



c) retaining contents of experience ff ff ff



d) the mental process used to acquire, store, or retrieve information
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,8. An engram is to memory as
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a) a keyboard is to a computer
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b) a mouse is to a computer
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c) a file is to a computer *
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d) a central processing unit is to a computer
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9. Why are there so many metaphors for memory?
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a) because memory cannot be studied objectively ff ff ff ff ff



b) to demonstrate that all of our memories are different
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c) because we cannot observe memory directly * ff ff ff ff ff ff



d) because people’s attitudes and opinions change so much over time ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff




10. Metaphors for memory (like a recorder or organized storage) are used because
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a) the uncomplicated nature of memory makes metaphors easy to find
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b) memory must be observed indirectly, so metaphors are useful tools for understanding
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its complexities *
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c) you can exercise your memory like a muscle, so creating new metaphors makes your
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memory more efficient
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d) using language as a mental representation prevents memory loss
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11. Which metaphor captures the idea that there is an organization to memory?
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a) cow’s stomach ff



b) lock and key ff ff



c) video camera ff



d) network * ff




12. Which metaphor captures the idea that information in memory can be forgotten?
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a) leaky bucket * ff ff



b) computer
c) junk drawer ff



d) library

13. Which metaphor of memory conveys the idea that memories are discrete collections of
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information?
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a) hidden observer ff



b) computer
c) literacy * ff



d) aviary

14. One contribution of Plato’s philosophy to work on memory was the idea that
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a) different impressions vary in quality * ff ff ff ff ff



b) memory is tied exclusively to experience ff ff ff ff ff



c) no man is an island ff ff ff ff



d) memories are stored in a collective subconscious ff ff ff ff ff ff

, 15. Aristotle’s laws of association include all of the following EXCEPT
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a) similarity
b) contiguity
c) contrast
d) idealized abstractions * ff ff




16. Aristotle’s laws of association include all of the following EXCEPT
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a) similarity
b) regularity * ff



c) contrast
d) contiguity

17. Who was the seventeenth-century scientist/philosopher who developed a sophisticated theory
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of memory but never followed up on it, leaving it to fall into obscurity, further delaying the
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onset of a scientific study of memory?
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a) Isaac Newton ff



b) Robert Hooke * ff ff



c) Charles Darwin ff



d) Benjamin Franklin ff




18. What influence did Darwin have on theories of memory?
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a) the idea that memory develops in a person through a selection process
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b) the concept that memory is dependent on a complex brain
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c) the idea that memory has developed over the generations to adapt to the demands of
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the environment * ff ff ff



d) none

19. Memory development in a person is guided by his or her DNA.
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a) true
b) false
c) partially true* ff



d) true, except for cases of brain damage ff ff ff ff ff ff




20. An important concept that is heavily used in theories of memory that developed out of the
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empiricist tradition is
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a) the association * ff ff



b) adaptation to changes in the environment ff ff ff ff ff



c) the engram ff



d) separation of mind and body ff ff ff ff




21. Empiricists such as Aristotle believed that memory operates as
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a) associations between experiences or stimuli * ff ff ff ff ff



b) a bridge between perceptions and rational abstractions (since empirical observations
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are often distorted)
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c) an abstract, perfect realm without need for additional inquiry
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d) the rational link between the mind and the body
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