MDC 1 Final Review: Key Nursing Concepts and Interventions
Infancy (0-12 months) - correct answer Breast Milk/formula; 6 months iron fortified cereals;
assess growth
Childhood (1-12 years) - correct answer 1,000-2,000 kcal; balanced diet limit sugar; check BMI
Adolescence (13-18 years) - correct answer calcium (1,300mg) protein, iron; monitor growth
spurts
Adulthood (19-64 years) - correct answer 1,800-2,600 kcal, <2,300 mg sodium, fiber; assess
chronic disease risk
Older Adulthood (65+ years) - correct answer 1,600-2,200 kcal, nutrient-dense, hydration,
watch dehydration
Assessment Tools - correct answer Diet history, BMI, labs (albumin (protein level)), physical
exam
Tolerance - correct answer need higher doses for the same effect
Dependence - correct answer withdrawal symptoms without use
Chronic pain worsening - correct answer hyperalgesia
Respiratory depression risk - correct answer risk associated with certain substances
Increased anxiety or depression - correct answer mental health effects of certain conditions
Cognitive impairment - correct answer memory, focus issues
Relationship strain - correct answer social impact of certain conditions
Job loss or financial issues - correct answer social impact of certain conditions
Risk of addiction/overdose - correct answer social impact of certain conditions
Stress Incontinence - correct answer leakage due to pressure (e.g., coughing, sneezing)
Urge Incontinence - correct answer sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by leakage
Overflow Incontinence - correct answer frequent dribbling due to incomplete bladder emptying
Functional Incontinence - correct answer inability to reach the bathroom due to
physical/mental limitations
Mixed Incontinence - correct answer combination of two or more types (e.g., stress + urge)
Therapeutic Communication - correct answer A purposeful, patient-centered interaction
, Goals of Therapeutic Communication - correct answer Build trust and rapport, gather
information, support emotional well-being, promote healing and understanding
Core Principle of Therapeutic Communication - correct answer Focus on the patient's needs
Active listening - correct answer Fully concentrate, avoid interrupting
Empathy - correct answer Understand and reflect patient's feelings
Respect - correct answer Honor patient's dignity and autonomy
Clarity - correct answer Use simple, direct language
Nonjudgmental Attitude - correct answer Avoid bias or criticism
Benefits of Therapeutic Communication - correct answer Improves patient trust and
cooperation, enhances accuracy of assessments, reduces anxiety and emotional distress,
supports patient education and adherence, strengthens nurse-patient therapeutic alliance
Scenario Example of Therapeutic Communication - correct answer Situation: patient is anxious
about surgery; Nurse Response: Listen actively: 'I hear you're feeling nervous.' Show empathy:
'It's normal to feel that way.'
Offer support - correct answer "Lets talk about what's worrying you."
Outcome - correct answer Patient feels heard and reassured
Open-ended Questions - correct answer "How are you feeling today?"
Reflection - correct answer "It sounds like you're worried about your treatment."
Silence - correct answer Allow time for patient to process or speak.
Clarification - correct answer "Can you tell me more about the pain?"
Summarizing - correct answer Recap to ensure understanding
Distractions - correct answer noise, multitasking
Judgmental responses - correct answer "You shouldn't feel that way."
False Reassurance - correct answer "Everything will be fine."
Technical Jargon - correct answer Confusing medical terms
Personal Bias - correct answer Letting assumptions interfere
Falls - correct answer affect 1 in 4 older adults yearly (CDC)
Diminished sensation - correct answer (e.g., neuropathy) increases risk
Goal - correct answer learn to keep patients safe and independent
Infancy (0-12 months) - correct answer Breast Milk/formula; 6 months iron fortified cereals;
assess growth
Childhood (1-12 years) - correct answer 1,000-2,000 kcal; balanced diet limit sugar; check BMI
Adolescence (13-18 years) - correct answer calcium (1,300mg) protein, iron; monitor growth
spurts
Adulthood (19-64 years) - correct answer 1,800-2,600 kcal, <2,300 mg sodium, fiber; assess
chronic disease risk
Older Adulthood (65+ years) - correct answer 1,600-2,200 kcal, nutrient-dense, hydration,
watch dehydration
Assessment Tools - correct answer Diet history, BMI, labs (albumin (protein level)), physical
exam
Tolerance - correct answer need higher doses for the same effect
Dependence - correct answer withdrawal symptoms without use
Chronic pain worsening - correct answer hyperalgesia
Respiratory depression risk - correct answer risk associated with certain substances
Increased anxiety or depression - correct answer mental health effects of certain conditions
Cognitive impairment - correct answer memory, focus issues
Relationship strain - correct answer social impact of certain conditions
Job loss or financial issues - correct answer social impact of certain conditions
Risk of addiction/overdose - correct answer social impact of certain conditions
Stress Incontinence - correct answer leakage due to pressure (e.g., coughing, sneezing)
Urge Incontinence - correct answer sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by leakage
Overflow Incontinence - correct answer frequent dribbling due to incomplete bladder emptying
Functional Incontinence - correct answer inability to reach the bathroom due to
physical/mental limitations
Mixed Incontinence - correct answer combination of two or more types (e.g., stress + urge)
Therapeutic Communication - correct answer A purposeful, patient-centered interaction
, Goals of Therapeutic Communication - correct answer Build trust and rapport, gather
information, support emotional well-being, promote healing and understanding
Core Principle of Therapeutic Communication - correct answer Focus on the patient's needs
Active listening - correct answer Fully concentrate, avoid interrupting
Empathy - correct answer Understand and reflect patient's feelings
Respect - correct answer Honor patient's dignity and autonomy
Clarity - correct answer Use simple, direct language
Nonjudgmental Attitude - correct answer Avoid bias or criticism
Benefits of Therapeutic Communication - correct answer Improves patient trust and
cooperation, enhances accuracy of assessments, reduces anxiety and emotional distress,
supports patient education and adherence, strengthens nurse-patient therapeutic alliance
Scenario Example of Therapeutic Communication - correct answer Situation: patient is anxious
about surgery; Nurse Response: Listen actively: 'I hear you're feeling nervous.' Show empathy:
'It's normal to feel that way.'
Offer support - correct answer "Lets talk about what's worrying you."
Outcome - correct answer Patient feels heard and reassured
Open-ended Questions - correct answer "How are you feeling today?"
Reflection - correct answer "It sounds like you're worried about your treatment."
Silence - correct answer Allow time for patient to process or speak.
Clarification - correct answer "Can you tell me more about the pain?"
Summarizing - correct answer Recap to ensure understanding
Distractions - correct answer noise, multitasking
Judgmental responses - correct answer "You shouldn't feel that way."
False Reassurance - correct answer "Everything will be fine."
Technical Jargon - correct answer Confusing medical terms
Personal Bias - correct answer Letting assumptions interfere
Falls - correct answer affect 1 in 4 older adults yearly (CDC)
Diminished sensation - correct answer (e.g., neuropathy) increases risk
Goal - correct answer learn to keep patients safe and independent
