WISCONSIN PESTICIDE APPLICATOR EXAM
TEST BANK 2025 (TURF & LANDSCAPE)
|200 QUESTIONS SOLVED |ALREADY
GRADED A
Ch.1 List the general kinds of damage insect pests can cause
-Chew on seeds, roots, leaves, stems, & fruits
-Tunnel in roots, stems, & leaves
-Suck plant juices
-Promote gall formation and other malformations
-Inject toxins into plants -Transmit diseases to plants
-Create a nuisance for people
Ch.1 Describe the structural features of insects
Insects have: body form has 3 regions: head, thorax, abdomen; 3 pairs of legs
attached to thorax; 0, 1, or 2 pairs of wings attached to thorax; 1 pair of antennae
Ch.1 Explain how to distinguish insects from other arthropods
Arthropods have: exoskeleton; body form has 2 regions: head & abdomen;
usually 4 pairs of legs attached to head; no wings; no antennae
Ch.2 Describe how and when to make an effective cut-stump treatment
-Recommended for plants with thick bark or trunk is greater than 5 inches in
diameter.
-Thoroughly wet plant so runoff covers barks, crown buds, exposed roots, root
collar, outer portion of cut surface.
-Should be applied to cut surface before exposed plant tissue dries, within 2-3
hours.
Ch.2 List steps to take when applying herbicides to minimize adverse effects in
urban areas
,-Prevent spray drift, drift of volatile products, runoff.
-Spray when weeds are most susceptible so the minimum amount of herbicide
results in maximum weed control.
-Use less volatile formations
-Apply on days when temps are less than 80 degrees F
-Avoid spraying during midsummer; garden plants and vegetables are more
susceptible.
-Avoid applying herbicides on dry, compacted soils
-Keep pesticides off impermeable surfaces
Chapter 2 Know the Law
State and local laws require landowners to control certain weeds to prevent
their spread and distribution
Ch.3 Define plant disease and what causes it
Any harmful change in the physiology and/or structure of a plant caused by
some outside agent.
Ch.3 List examples of the major groups of plant pathogens (7)
-Fungi (blights)
-Oomycetes (downy mildews) -Nematodes (root rot)
-Bacteria (fire blight
-Phytoplasmas (corn stunts)
-Viruses (soybean mosaic)-Viroids (potato spindle tuber)
Ch.3 Describe how the major groups of plant pathogens are spread from plant
to plant
-Fungi: wind, rain splash, insect vectors
-Oomycetes: wind, rain splash, transfer of infested soil
-Nematodes: transfer of infested soil, infested planting stock
-Bacteria: rain splash, insect vectors, tools
-Phytoplasmas: only by insect vectors
-Viruses: insect vectors, mechanical transmission, rubbing of infected leaf to
another, seed borne, vegetative propagation
-Viroids: mechanical transmission, vegetative propagation
Ch.3 List the four prerequisites for plant disease to occur
,1. A pathogen population capable of causing disease
2. A host that is susceptible to infection by that pathogen population
3. Environmental conditions that favor disease development
4. Sufficient time for disease to actually develop
Ch.18 Describe the distribution pattern of granular applicator
-Drop-Through Spreaders: adjustable sliding grate opens holes in bottom of the
hopper and granules flow out by gravity feed; good for smaller sites; revolving
agitator activated when spreader is in motion.
-Rotary Spreaders:
Ch.18 List steps you can take before, during, and after spraying as well as prior
to storing a sprayer to keep your equipment in good condition, ensure a proper
application, manage rinsate, and protect waters of the state.
-Before: thoroughly rinse sprayer with clean water; check for leaks; adjust
boom according to distance between the nozzle and target.
-During: check that sprayer is operating at same pressure and speed as when it
was calibrated; check for leaks and unusual nozzle patterns.
-After: clean inside/outside of sprayer before switching to another pesticide.
-Storage: clean thoroughly; refill with clean water; add 1-5 gal of emulsifiable
oil; flush system with oil/water mixture; remove and clean nozzles/screens and
place in diesel fuel or kerosene to prevent corrosion and cover nozzle openings
with tape to prevent dirt from entering.
Ch.19 Explain the purpose and importance of calibration
To ensure that your equipment delivers the correct rate of pesticide uniformly to
the target site.
Ch.19 List what variables affect the spray rate (2) and how they do so.
1. Nozzle flow rate: varies with the operating pressure and the size of the nozzle
tip.
2. Ground speed (walking speed) of the sprayer: adjust your walking speed to
make a large change in the spray rate.
Ch.19 Outline the basic steps when making a backpack application on a
percentage basis.
, -Label will tell you the amount of product to add in a specified volume of water
or other carrier.
-Combining a given amount of each results in a spray mix that contains a
certain percentage of product.
-Then spray the surface with sufficient spray mix to adequately cover the area,
but which will not allow dripping or run-off to occur
Ch.1 Contrast the difference between simple and complete metamorphosis
-Simple: "Incomplete Metamorphosis"; 3 stages: egg, nymph, & adult
-Complete: 4 distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, & adult
Ch.1 Explain how temperature and humidity affect insect development
*Temperature & humidity preferences vary for each insect.
*Combined effect of both on reproduction & development is more dramatically
different than the effect of either alone.
-Temperature: development is faster with heat & slower with cold temps;
insects die at the high levels of developmental threshold temps and become
inactive at low levels
-Humidity: effects insect diseases; effects moisture levels required for survival
Ch.1 List the advantages and disadvantages of using insecticides
Advantages:
-Effective against economically damaging pests
-Can combine 1 or 2 insecticides to combat several pests
-They act quickly to control pests before reaching damaging levels
-For new pests, there are many compounds that have been proven effective
-Effective insecticides, suitable formulations, & application equipment are
normally available
Disadvantages:
-Often eliminate beneficial insects, allowing target organisms to rebound
quickly
-Repeated exposure can lead to resistance in a pest population
-Yearly dependence on applications is an added cost
-Always a potential for drift, residues, and damage
Ch.2 Explain what determines whether a given plant is a weed
Weeds are unwanted plants
Ch.2 List the two main goals of weed management
TEST BANK 2025 (TURF & LANDSCAPE)
|200 QUESTIONS SOLVED |ALREADY
GRADED A
Ch.1 List the general kinds of damage insect pests can cause
-Chew on seeds, roots, leaves, stems, & fruits
-Tunnel in roots, stems, & leaves
-Suck plant juices
-Promote gall formation and other malformations
-Inject toxins into plants -Transmit diseases to plants
-Create a nuisance for people
Ch.1 Describe the structural features of insects
Insects have: body form has 3 regions: head, thorax, abdomen; 3 pairs of legs
attached to thorax; 0, 1, or 2 pairs of wings attached to thorax; 1 pair of antennae
Ch.1 Explain how to distinguish insects from other arthropods
Arthropods have: exoskeleton; body form has 2 regions: head & abdomen;
usually 4 pairs of legs attached to head; no wings; no antennae
Ch.2 Describe how and when to make an effective cut-stump treatment
-Recommended for plants with thick bark or trunk is greater than 5 inches in
diameter.
-Thoroughly wet plant so runoff covers barks, crown buds, exposed roots, root
collar, outer portion of cut surface.
-Should be applied to cut surface before exposed plant tissue dries, within 2-3
hours.
Ch.2 List steps to take when applying herbicides to minimize adverse effects in
urban areas
,-Prevent spray drift, drift of volatile products, runoff.
-Spray when weeds are most susceptible so the minimum amount of herbicide
results in maximum weed control.
-Use less volatile formations
-Apply on days when temps are less than 80 degrees F
-Avoid spraying during midsummer; garden plants and vegetables are more
susceptible.
-Avoid applying herbicides on dry, compacted soils
-Keep pesticides off impermeable surfaces
Chapter 2 Know the Law
State and local laws require landowners to control certain weeds to prevent
their spread and distribution
Ch.3 Define plant disease and what causes it
Any harmful change in the physiology and/or structure of a plant caused by
some outside agent.
Ch.3 List examples of the major groups of plant pathogens (7)
-Fungi (blights)
-Oomycetes (downy mildews) -Nematodes (root rot)
-Bacteria (fire blight
-Phytoplasmas (corn stunts)
-Viruses (soybean mosaic)-Viroids (potato spindle tuber)
Ch.3 Describe how the major groups of plant pathogens are spread from plant
to plant
-Fungi: wind, rain splash, insect vectors
-Oomycetes: wind, rain splash, transfer of infested soil
-Nematodes: transfer of infested soil, infested planting stock
-Bacteria: rain splash, insect vectors, tools
-Phytoplasmas: only by insect vectors
-Viruses: insect vectors, mechanical transmission, rubbing of infected leaf to
another, seed borne, vegetative propagation
-Viroids: mechanical transmission, vegetative propagation
Ch.3 List the four prerequisites for plant disease to occur
,1. A pathogen population capable of causing disease
2. A host that is susceptible to infection by that pathogen population
3. Environmental conditions that favor disease development
4. Sufficient time for disease to actually develop
Ch.18 Describe the distribution pattern of granular applicator
-Drop-Through Spreaders: adjustable sliding grate opens holes in bottom of the
hopper and granules flow out by gravity feed; good for smaller sites; revolving
agitator activated when spreader is in motion.
-Rotary Spreaders:
Ch.18 List steps you can take before, during, and after spraying as well as prior
to storing a sprayer to keep your equipment in good condition, ensure a proper
application, manage rinsate, and protect waters of the state.
-Before: thoroughly rinse sprayer with clean water; check for leaks; adjust
boom according to distance between the nozzle and target.
-During: check that sprayer is operating at same pressure and speed as when it
was calibrated; check for leaks and unusual nozzle patterns.
-After: clean inside/outside of sprayer before switching to another pesticide.
-Storage: clean thoroughly; refill with clean water; add 1-5 gal of emulsifiable
oil; flush system with oil/water mixture; remove and clean nozzles/screens and
place in diesel fuel or kerosene to prevent corrosion and cover nozzle openings
with tape to prevent dirt from entering.
Ch.19 Explain the purpose and importance of calibration
To ensure that your equipment delivers the correct rate of pesticide uniformly to
the target site.
Ch.19 List what variables affect the spray rate (2) and how they do so.
1. Nozzle flow rate: varies with the operating pressure and the size of the nozzle
tip.
2. Ground speed (walking speed) of the sprayer: adjust your walking speed to
make a large change in the spray rate.
Ch.19 Outline the basic steps when making a backpack application on a
percentage basis.
, -Label will tell you the amount of product to add in a specified volume of water
or other carrier.
-Combining a given amount of each results in a spray mix that contains a
certain percentage of product.
-Then spray the surface with sufficient spray mix to adequately cover the area,
but which will not allow dripping or run-off to occur
Ch.1 Contrast the difference between simple and complete metamorphosis
-Simple: "Incomplete Metamorphosis"; 3 stages: egg, nymph, & adult
-Complete: 4 distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, & adult
Ch.1 Explain how temperature and humidity affect insect development
*Temperature & humidity preferences vary for each insect.
*Combined effect of both on reproduction & development is more dramatically
different than the effect of either alone.
-Temperature: development is faster with heat & slower with cold temps;
insects die at the high levels of developmental threshold temps and become
inactive at low levels
-Humidity: effects insect diseases; effects moisture levels required for survival
Ch.1 List the advantages and disadvantages of using insecticides
Advantages:
-Effective against economically damaging pests
-Can combine 1 or 2 insecticides to combat several pests
-They act quickly to control pests before reaching damaging levels
-For new pests, there are many compounds that have been proven effective
-Effective insecticides, suitable formulations, & application equipment are
normally available
Disadvantages:
-Often eliminate beneficial insects, allowing target organisms to rebound
quickly
-Repeated exposure can lead to resistance in a pest population
-Yearly dependence on applications is an added cost
-Always a potential for drift, residues, and damage
Ch.2 Explain what determines whether a given plant is a weed
Weeds are unwanted plants
Ch.2 List the two main goals of weed management
