BIO 101: Exam 3 (Illinois State
University) Test Questions and Correct
Answers.
saturated fatty acid - Answer has as many hydrogen atoms as possible (solid at room
temperature)
unsaturated fatty acid - Answer creates a kink in the chain allowing for more hydrogen atoms
(liquid in room temperature)
phospholipids - Answer is if one chain in a triglyceride is replaced with a phosphate (all cell
membranes in every cell)
triglycerides - Answer are 3 carbon chains attached at a single glisoral molecule
cholesterol - Answer foundational structure of hormones and fats like steroids
fats - Answer hydrophobic and have a larger chain of carbons with hydrogen molecules
attached
the amino acids are cleaved off one at a time, the process begins in the stomach (enzymes and
acids in the stomach break down proteins) - Answer how are proteins digested
pepsin - Answer an enzyme that cleaves off the amino acids from the larger chain and then
absorbed into the blood and then the cells for fuel
hydrochloric acid - Answer causes the protein to unravel so that the bonds in between the
amino acids are accessible to the enzymes
through the saliva where the starch is broken down by clipping the glucose molecules, they are
repeated simple sugars - Answer How are carbs digested
starch
, inactivity, overweight (could be a family history) - Answer What causes type 2 diabetes
1. low-sugar lifestyle (fruit instead of juice, beware of enriched flours,
2. maintain a healthy weight
3. exercise 30 mins a day - Answer How to prevent type 2 diabetes
type 2 diabetes - Answer metabolic disorder that causes sugar (glucose) to accumulate in the
blood rather than being used as fuel for cells in the body
1. digestion begins in the mouth with the physical breakdown of the food from chewing in the
chemical breakdown of food from our salivary amylase enzymes
2. food travels down and passes the flap of skin separating the trachea and esophagus, called
the pharynx
3. food travels down the esophagus and moves to the stomach to continue breaking down
4. in the stomach, the food goes through gastric acid and it breaks down the proteins, also
pepsin used in the stomach to continue to break the food down. The food moves to the liver
where bile is created and then the chyme moves to the small intestine.
5. the small intestine absorbs all the nutrients from the leftover broken down food. food travels
to the pancreas which release pancreatic acid into the small intestine. then the gall bladder
stores and releases the bile once again into the small intestine.
6. large intestine absorbs all the remaining water from the bile befo - Answer Identify the
structures and functions of the digestive system (six steps)
1. it starts in the mouth and/or nose when we inhale oxygen
2. then the pharynx pushes the air into the trachea
3. from there the trachea (long pipe from the pharynx to the lungs) moves the oxygenated air to
the lungs
4. (in the lung) then the air is moved to the bronchi which moves air deeper into the
bronchioles
5. (in the lung) in the bronchioles, the air is moved to the alveoli
6. (in the lung) lastly, the alveoli push out the CO2 and oxygen, in a gas exchange and then the
whole process starts backwards from step 6-1 with the CO2 - Answer Identify the structures
and functions of the respiratory system (six simple steps)
University) Test Questions and Correct
Answers.
saturated fatty acid - Answer has as many hydrogen atoms as possible (solid at room
temperature)
unsaturated fatty acid - Answer creates a kink in the chain allowing for more hydrogen atoms
(liquid in room temperature)
phospholipids - Answer is if one chain in a triglyceride is replaced with a phosphate (all cell
membranes in every cell)
triglycerides - Answer are 3 carbon chains attached at a single glisoral molecule
cholesterol - Answer foundational structure of hormones and fats like steroids
fats - Answer hydrophobic and have a larger chain of carbons with hydrogen molecules
attached
the amino acids are cleaved off one at a time, the process begins in the stomach (enzymes and
acids in the stomach break down proteins) - Answer how are proteins digested
pepsin - Answer an enzyme that cleaves off the amino acids from the larger chain and then
absorbed into the blood and then the cells for fuel
hydrochloric acid - Answer causes the protein to unravel so that the bonds in between the
amino acids are accessible to the enzymes
through the saliva where the starch is broken down by clipping the glucose molecules, they are
repeated simple sugars - Answer How are carbs digested
starch
, inactivity, overweight (could be a family history) - Answer What causes type 2 diabetes
1. low-sugar lifestyle (fruit instead of juice, beware of enriched flours,
2. maintain a healthy weight
3. exercise 30 mins a day - Answer How to prevent type 2 diabetes
type 2 diabetes - Answer metabolic disorder that causes sugar (glucose) to accumulate in the
blood rather than being used as fuel for cells in the body
1. digestion begins in the mouth with the physical breakdown of the food from chewing in the
chemical breakdown of food from our salivary amylase enzymes
2. food travels down and passes the flap of skin separating the trachea and esophagus, called
the pharynx
3. food travels down the esophagus and moves to the stomach to continue breaking down
4. in the stomach, the food goes through gastric acid and it breaks down the proteins, also
pepsin used in the stomach to continue to break the food down. The food moves to the liver
where bile is created and then the chyme moves to the small intestine.
5. the small intestine absorbs all the nutrients from the leftover broken down food. food travels
to the pancreas which release pancreatic acid into the small intestine. then the gall bladder
stores and releases the bile once again into the small intestine.
6. large intestine absorbs all the remaining water from the bile befo - Answer Identify the
structures and functions of the digestive system (six steps)
1. it starts in the mouth and/or nose when we inhale oxygen
2. then the pharynx pushes the air into the trachea
3. from there the trachea (long pipe from the pharynx to the lungs) moves the oxygenated air to
the lungs
4. (in the lung) then the air is moved to the bronchi which moves air deeper into the
bronchioles
5. (in the lung) in the bronchioles, the air is moved to the alveoli
6. (in the lung) lastly, the alveoli push out the CO2 and oxygen, in a gas exchange and then the
whole process starts backwards from step 6-1 with the CO2 - Answer Identify the structures
and functions of the respiratory system (six simple steps)
