Timeline of Authoritarian States – Hitler and Germany
Nov 1918 – German Revolution
July 1919
11 Nov 1919 Kaiser abdicated. New government signed the armistice
1919 Paris Peace Conference
March 1920 Kapp Putsch
1920 Nazis announced their Twenty-Five Point Programme. Became the National Socialist
German Workers’ Party
1921 Hitler forced Drexler out and took his place as leader
1921 SA created
Jan 1923 Invasion of the Ruhr by French and Belgian troops
1923 Gustav Stresemann took over
1923 Munich Putsch, Hitler imprisoned, wrote Mein Kampf
1925 SS founded as Hitler’s personal bodyguards
1928 Nazis gained only 12 Reichstag seats as time of relative prosperity, support of less than 3%
of population. Nazi Party membership rose to over 100,000
1929 Wall Street Crash
1930 Nazis won 107 seats in elections
1932 Nazis won nearly 200 seats in elections
1932 Hitler’s failed attempt for Presidency
July 1932 Nazis had 230 seats. President Hindenburg refused to make Hitler chancellor
30 Jan 1933 Hitler appointed Chancellor as Hindenburg thought he could control him
27 Feb 1933 Reichstag fire. Emergency powers granted to Hitler by Hindenburg
March 1933 Hitler gained a majority. Reichstag passed the Enabling Act
March 1933 The People’s Court and Special Courts created
March 1933 Schacht appointed as President of the Reichsbank
March 1933 First concentration camp opened at Dachau
1 April 1933 Boycott of Jewish shops
7 April 1933 Law for Restoration of Professional Civil Service – courts, schools and universities purged of
Jews and political opponents
1 May 1933 Trade union offices seized, all unions incorporated into new German Labour Front (DAF)
May 1933 Students in Berlin burned 20,000 books written by Jews, communists and anti-Nazis
June 1933 Employment Law – major public works schemes
20 July 1933 Concordat agreement between state and Vatican
Summer 1933 Placards saying ‘Jews forbidden’ placed outside shops, cafes, swimming pools and parks
1933 Gestapo created by Goering
1933 Goebbels became Minister of People’s Enlightenment and Propaganda
1933 Radio companies taken over by Reich governors
1933 Marriage loan if woman unemployed
1933 Women in top civil service and medical jobs dismissed
1933 Round-up of half a million asocials
Sept 1933 The Reich Food Estate and Reich Entailed Farm Law. Jews banned from inheriting land
14 Oct 1933 Reichstag dissolved
Oct 1933 10,000 lawyers gave the Nazi salute and swore to follow the Fuhrer
1933-39 Limited university enrolment of women
30 Jan 1934 Law for the Reconstruction of the State – elected state assemblies dissolved
29 June 1934 Night of the Long Knives
Aug 1934 Schacht appointed as Economics Minister
2 Aug 1934 Hindenburg died, Hitler took over as Fuhrer
Aug 1934 Army swore oath of personal loyalty to Hitler
Oct 1934 Law meant editors had to exclude all anti-Nazis things from their papers
Nov 1918 – German Revolution
July 1919
11 Nov 1919 Kaiser abdicated. New government signed the armistice
1919 Paris Peace Conference
March 1920 Kapp Putsch
1920 Nazis announced their Twenty-Five Point Programme. Became the National Socialist
German Workers’ Party
1921 Hitler forced Drexler out and took his place as leader
1921 SA created
Jan 1923 Invasion of the Ruhr by French and Belgian troops
1923 Gustav Stresemann took over
1923 Munich Putsch, Hitler imprisoned, wrote Mein Kampf
1925 SS founded as Hitler’s personal bodyguards
1928 Nazis gained only 12 Reichstag seats as time of relative prosperity, support of less than 3%
of population. Nazi Party membership rose to over 100,000
1929 Wall Street Crash
1930 Nazis won 107 seats in elections
1932 Nazis won nearly 200 seats in elections
1932 Hitler’s failed attempt for Presidency
July 1932 Nazis had 230 seats. President Hindenburg refused to make Hitler chancellor
30 Jan 1933 Hitler appointed Chancellor as Hindenburg thought he could control him
27 Feb 1933 Reichstag fire. Emergency powers granted to Hitler by Hindenburg
March 1933 Hitler gained a majority. Reichstag passed the Enabling Act
March 1933 The People’s Court and Special Courts created
March 1933 Schacht appointed as President of the Reichsbank
March 1933 First concentration camp opened at Dachau
1 April 1933 Boycott of Jewish shops
7 April 1933 Law for Restoration of Professional Civil Service – courts, schools and universities purged of
Jews and political opponents
1 May 1933 Trade union offices seized, all unions incorporated into new German Labour Front (DAF)
May 1933 Students in Berlin burned 20,000 books written by Jews, communists and anti-Nazis
June 1933 Employment Law – major public works schemes
20 July 1933 Concordat agreement between state and Vatican
Summer 1933 Placards saying ‘Jews forbidden’ placed outside shops, cafes, swimming pools and parks
1933 Gestapo created by Goering
1933 Goebbels became Minister of People’s Enlightenment and Propaganda
1933 Radio companies taken over by Reich governors
1933 Marriage loan if woman unemployed
1933 Women in top civil service and medical jobs dismissed
1933 Round-up of half a million asocials
Sept 1933 The Reich Food Estate and Reich Entailed Farm Law. Jews banned from inheriting land
14 Oct 1933 Reichstag dissolved
Oct 1933 10,000 lawyers gave the Nazi salute and swore to follow the Fuhrer
1933-39 Limited university enrolment of women
30 Jan 1934 Law for the Reconstruction of the State – elected state assemblies dissolved
29 June 1934 Night of the Long Knives
Aug 1934 Schacht appointed as Economics Minister
2 Aug 1934 Hindenburg died, Hitler took over as Fuhrer
Aug 1934 Army swore oath of personal loyalty to Hitler
Oct 1934 Law meant editors had to exclude all anti-Nazis things from their papers
