(COMPLETE ANSWERS)
Semester 2 2025 - DUE
August 2025
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, 1.1 INTRODUCTION
This research proposal outlines a study that aims to analyze the representation of sports in a
daily newspaper. The purpose of this study is to provide the Department of Sports, Arts and
Culture with a comprehensive understanding of how media outlets, specifically through their
news coverage, frame and present sports content. This analysis will focus on identifying
patterns, themes, and biases in the reporting of sports stories. In the subsequent sections, this
proposal will detail the research problem, subproblems, a review of existing literature, the
theoretical framework, and a detailed research design. The newspaper selected for analysis is
The Star, a daily newspaper published in Johannesburg, South Africa. The findings of this
study will offer valuable insights into the media's role in shaping public perceptions of sports
and a potential guide for the department's communication and public relations strategies.
1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT/MAIN ISSUE
The media's portrayal of sports is not merely a reflection of events but an active process of
constructing narratives that can influence public opinion, attention, and support for various
sporting codes. In the South African context, where sports hold significant cultural and social
importance, it is crucial to understand how media framing affects the visibility of different
sports, genders, and racial groups. Therefore, the main issue this study seeks to address is:
How does The Star newspaper frame sports news, and what patterns emerge in its
coverage of different sporting codes, genders, and racial groups?
1.3 SUBPROBLEMS
To systematically address the main research problem, the study is guided by the following
subproblems:
1. What is the distribution of sports coverage in The Star in terms of the number of
articles and page space allocated to different sporting codes (e.g., soccer, rugby,
cricket, netball, etc.) over a specific period?
2. How is gender represented in the sports coverage of The Star, and what is the
framing of male and female athletes in headlines, images, and the language used in
the articles?
3. What is the racial representation and framing of athletes from different racial groups
in the sports news of The Star, and does the newspaper's coverage reinforce or
challenge existing racial stereotypes in sports?
1.4 LITERATURE REVIEW
Scholarly research on media and sports reveals a complex relationship where media outlets
do not simply report on sports but actively shape their meaning and significance for
audiences. A number of studies have highlighted the tendency of media to overemphasize
certain sports while marginalizing others. For example, some scholars argue that mainstream
media in many countries tend to dedicate disproportionate coverage to traditionally dominant
sports, such as football, while smaller or niche sports receive minimal attention (refer to
studies by Mendes, 2015 or Billings & Angelini, 2011).