(COMPLETE ANSWERS)
Semester 2 2025 - DUE
August 2025
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, 1. Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA)
(a) Bodies from whom information can be requested: Under PAIA, information can be
requested from two types of bodies:
• Public bodies: This includes any department of state or administration in the national,
provincial, or local sphere of government.
• Private bodies: This includes any natural person who carries on a business, trade, or
profession, as well as juristic persons like companies, partnerships, and trusts.
(b) Responsibilities before a request is received: Even before a request is made, these
bodies have certain obligations:
• Public bodies must compile a manual that details what information they hold and
how to access it.
• Private bodies must also create a manual that explains the types of records they keep
and the process for requesting access. This manual is crucial for public and private
accountability.
(c) Grounds for refusal: Access to information can be refused on a number of grounds,
including:
1. Mandatory refusal to protect the privacy of a third party.
2. Mandatory refusal to protect the commercial information of a third party.
3. Mandatory refusal to protect the safety of an individual or public security.
4. Discretionary refusal to protect confidential information of a client of a professional.
2. Protection of Personal Information Act (POPI Act)
The POPI Act defines personal information broadly, including several categories.
• Identifying Information: Information used to identify a person. For example, a
person's name, ID number, or address.
• Biometric Information: Data related to the physical or behavioral characteristics of
an individual. For example, fingerprints or retina scans.
• Health and Medical Information: Information about an individual's physical or
mental health. For example, a person's blood type or medical history.
• Financial Information: Data related to an individual's financial status. For example,
their bank account number or credit card details.
• Educational Information: Information about an individual's academic history. For
example, their school records or exam results.
3. Broadcasting of Criminal Trial Proceedings