NU 327 Exam 2 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

NU 327 Exam 2 QUESTIONS WITH
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ANSWERS


Intracellular - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔fluid inside the cell |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




How does obesity impact fluid balance? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔-Obese people have higher water needs |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




-Obese people have a low total body weight %
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Extracellular - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔fluid outside the cell |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Interstitial - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔fluid surrounding cells
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outside of the vascular space
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Third space - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔fluid which is neither intra
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nor extra (like interstitial but it's more fluid) ex: amniotic fluid
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Hydrostatic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hydrostatic |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


pressure is the "push" factor on fluid movement where increased
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pressures force fluid out of a space.
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Oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-pressure created by
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colloids |\




-caused by protein; it pulls fluid into blood vessels; (kind of like a
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sponge)

,capillary permeability - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-where water is
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pushed in and out of the cell;
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-injury= increased rate and will allow to much fluid in
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Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔moving of **particles** high to
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low
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Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔movement of **fluid (water)**
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from high to low pressure through semi-permeable membrane
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Isotonic Fluid - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-same as body fluids
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-does not cause any fluid shifts
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-cells remain the same size
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-go/stay in vessels |\ |\ |\




-equal loss of water and electrolytes
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-concentration of the IV fluid is similar to the blood |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Example: 0.9 % Normal Saline (NS), Lactated Ringers
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Hypotonic Fluid - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-fluid shift out of
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bloodstream to the intracellular and interstitial space (water will
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enter the cell)
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-go/stay in the cell causing it to swell
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-fewer particles than human blood, more water than human
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blood, could lead to edema
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-primarily a loss of electrolytes |\ |\ |\ |\

, -0.45% Normal Saline, 0.225% Normal Saline, D5 0.9% NS; D5
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0.45% NS, D5W; free water
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Hypertonic Fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-water will leave the
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cell, and the cell will shrink
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-more fluid than the bloodstream, higher particles in fluid
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-pulls fluid from interstitial/cellular to vascular spaces
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-go/stay into vascular space |\ |\ |\




-primarily loss of water |\ |\ |\




Examples: 3% Normal Saline; 5% Normal Saline; 5% albumin;
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25% albumin; mannitol (rarely used, only needed to reduce
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intercranial pressure. |\




Dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Dry; hemoconcentrated |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


(high blood concentration due to loss of plasma/water); decrease
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vascular/cellular volume |\




Causes: Low intake, Diarrhea &vomiting, Diuretics, Burns, Fever,
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Uncontrolled diabetes |\




S&S: Urine Output < 30mL/hour, Rapid pulse, Poor skin turgor
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(elasticity), Weight loss, Tachycardia (Increase HR), Hypotension
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(Low BP), Increase Thirst, Dark urine
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Fluid Type: Isotonic & Hypotonic
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Overload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Wet; hemodilution
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(intentionally removing red blood cells to lower the hematocrit) ; |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


excess volume of fluid |\ |\ |\




Causes: To much hypotonic fluid given, Liver failure, Renal failure
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