Bio 182 study guide UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
In biology, what is meant by form and function? - CORRECT ANSWER - Form directly
influences the function. If structure found in an animal is adaptive-it helps the individual produce
offspring-then the structure's size,shape,or composition often correlates closely with its function
What is meant by the statement: ...adaptations are trade-offs? Describe a few examples. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Expenditures of time and energy.
How is surface area related to volume? How do they both change with increasing size? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Volume increases faster than surface area
How is size related to energetics and metabolism of an organism? - CORRECT
ANSWER - inversely: Larger animals have lower metabolic rates per unit of body mass
(they use energy more slowly per gram of tissue).
Smaller animals have higher mass-specific metabolic rates (they burn energy more rapidly per
gram of tissue)
What is mass specific metabolism and why is it calculated? - CORRECT ANSWER - the
metabolic rate per unit of body mass (usually expressed as energy per gram per unit time, like
mL O₂/g/hour)
As animal size increases, mass-specific metabolic rate decreases. This is why a mouse eats more
(relative to its size) than an elephant.
How is adaptation different from acclimation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Acclimatization-
phenotypic change that occurs in an individual in response to a short-term change in
environmental conditions
Physiology- the study of how the physical structures in an organism function
,Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - maintenance of relatively constant chemical and
physical conditions in an animal's cells, tissues, and organs.
Temperature Regulation - CORRECT ANSWER - Biggest variation among animal
species: amount of heat generated by the animal's own tissues and the degree to which body
temperature varies over time....
What is Homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER - The maintenance of relatively constant
chemical and physical conditions in an animal's cells, tissues, and organs.
What kinds of organisms use homeostasis? What does an organism need to regulate various
parameters? - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism uses a set point, integrator, and an
effector.
cover the body and line organs- - CORRECT ANSWER - epithelial tissues
connective tissues - CORRECT ANSWER - support and reinforce other tissues
muscle tissues - CORRECT ANSWER - contract, made up of fibers
nervous tissues - CORRECT ANSWER - process information and transmit electrical
signals-
Digestive - CORRECT ANSWER - -digestion and absorption; mouth, esophagus, and
stomach.
Endocrine - CORRECT ANSWER - secretes different hormones that regulate metabolism,
growth development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood----Organs-
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancrea
, circulatory - CORRECT ANSWER - Transports materials, oxygen absorbed into the
lungs.....Organs- heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries)
nervous - CORRECT ANSWER - percieve and comprehend; sensory neurons;..organs-
Brain and Spinal Cord
respiratory - CORRECT ANSWER - -To supply blood with oxygen in order for the blood
to delivery Oxygen to all parts of the body. Through breathing. Organs- Nose, mouth, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi
excretory - CORRECT ANSWER - elimination of wastes produced through homeostasis-
Organs- sweat glands, liver, lungs, and kidney system
skin - CORRECT ANSWER - Protection, regulation, and sensation
Negative & Positive Feedback- - CORRECT ANSWER - Negative: Regulatory systems
depend on it- Occurs when regulatory system makes a change in the opposite direction to a
change in internal conditions (equivalent to a heater turning on and raising temperature when a
room has cooled off). Example is body temp. regulation
Positive: control mechanism in which the response to a stimulus amplifies or increases the
original stimulus, pushing a system further in the same direction. Example is childbirth and
blood clotting
Endotherm- - CORRECT ANSWER - - Produces own heat maintain enzymes at optimal
temperatures at all times, so mammals and birds are able to remain active in winter and at night.
Due to their high metabolic rates and insulation endotherms are also able to sustain very high
levels of aerobic activities.
Ectotherm - CORRECT ANSWER - an animal whose body temperature varies with the
temperature of its surroundings & has a lower metabolic rate
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
In biology, what is meant by form and function? - CORRECT ANSWER - Form directly
influences the function. If structure found in an animal is adaptive-it helps the individual produce
offspring-then the structure's size,shape,or composition often correlates closely with its function
What is meant by the statement: ...adaptations are trade-offs? Describe a few examples. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Expenditures of time and energy.
How is surface area related to volume? How do they both change with increasing size? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Volume increases faster than surface area
How is size related to energetics and metabolism of an organism? - CORRECT
ANSWER - inversely: Larger animals have lower metabolic rates per unit of body mass
(they use energy more slowly per gram of tissue).
Smaller animals have higher mass-specific metabolic rates (they burn energy more rapidly per
gram of tissue)
What is mass specific metabolism and why is it calculated? - CORRECT ANSWER - the
metabolic rate per unit of body mass (usually expressed as energy per gram per unit time, like
mL O₂/g/hour)
As animal size increases, mass-specific metabolic rate decreases. This is why a mouse eats more
(relative to its size) than an elephant.
How is adaptation different from acclimation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Acclimatization-
phenotypic change that occurs in an individual in response to a short-term change in
environmental conditions
Physiology- the study of how the physical structures in an organism function
,Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - maintenance of relatively constant chemical and
physical conditions in an animal's cells, tissues, and organs.
Temperature Regulation - CORRECT ANSWER - Biggest variation among animal
species: amount of heat generated by the animal's own tissues and the degree to which body
temperature varies over time....
What is Homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER - The maintenance of relatively constant
chemical and physical conditions in an animal's cells, tissues, and organs.
What kinds of organisms use homeostasis? What does an organism need to regulate various
parameters? - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism uses a set point, integrator, and an
effector.
cover the body and line organs- - CORRECT ANSWER - epithelial tissues
connective tissues - CORRECT ANSWER - support and reinforce other tissues
muscle tissues - CORRECT ANSWER - contract, made up of fibers
nervous tissues - CORRECT ANSWER - process information and transmit electrical
signals-
Digestive - CORRECT ANSWER - -digestion and absorption; mouth, esophagus, and
stomach.
Endocrine - CORRECT ANSWER - secretes different hormones that regulate metabolism,
growth development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood----Organs-
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancrea
, circulatory - CORRECT ANSWER - Transports materials, oxygen absorbed into the
lungs.....Organs- heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries)
nervous - CORRECT ANSWER - percieve and comprehend; sensory neurons;..organs-
Brain and Spinal Cord
respiratory - CORRECT ANSWER - -To supply blood with oxygen in order for the blood
to delivery Oxygen to all parts of the body. Through breathing. Organs- Nose, mouth, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi
excretory - CORRECT ANSWER - elimination of wastes produced through homeostasis-
Organs- sweat glands, liver, lungs, and kidney system
skin - CORRECT ANSWER - Protection, regulation, and sensation
Negative & Positive Feedback- - CORRECT ANSWER - Negative: Regulatory systems
depend on it- Occurs when regulatory system makes a change in the opposite direction to a
change in internal conditions (equivalent to a heater turning on and raising temperature when a
room has cooled off). Example is body temp. regulation
Positive: control mechanism in which the response to a stimulus amplifies or increases the
original stimulus, pushing a system further in the same direction. Example is childbirth and
blood clotting
Endotherm- - CORRECT ANSWER - - Produces own heat maintain enzymes at optimal
temperatures at all times, so mammals and birds are able to remain active in winter and at night.
Due to their high metabolic rates and insulation endotherms are also able to sustain very high
levels of aerobic activities.
Ectotherm - CORRECT ANSWER - an animal whose body temperature varies with the
temperature of its surroundings & has a lower metabolic rate
