Pathophysiology - Exam 1 2025 Latest Update
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Whatasisaspathophysiology?as-
as"...theasstudyasofasfunctionalasorasphysiologicaschangesasinastheasbodyasthatasresultasfromasdisea
seasprocesses."as(Gould,as2006)
"...astheasstudyasofastheasdisorderasorasbreakdownasofastheashumanasbody'sasfunction."as(Copstea
das&asBanasik,as2005)
Explainastheasdifferencesasbetweenaspathologyasandaspathophysiology.as-
asPathologyas=as"...astheaslaboratoryasstudyasofascellasand astissueaschangesasassociated aswithasdis
ease"as(Gould,as2006)
Cellularaschangesasmayascauseasfunctionalasdisturbance,assoaspathologyas=asaascomponentasofa
spathophysiology
Homeostasisas-asHumansasareascontinuallyasinasanasinternalasstateasofasself-
regulationasandasself-adjustment
Resultsasinasaasrelativelyasstableasinternalasenvironmentas=asdynamicassteadyasstate
Mostashomeostaticascontrolasmechanismsasoperateasbasedasonasnegativeasfeedback
Homeostasisas-asNegativeasFeedbackas-
asControlasmechanism asforasparticularasbodyasfunctionassensesasaasdeviation asfromasnormal
Controllerasopposes/negatesastheasdeviationasandasbringsasbackastoasnormalaslevel
Ifasdiseaseaspresent:astheas"sensor"asoras"controller"asmayasnotasoperateaseffectively
DiseaseasandasIllness
Involvesas__________
Isasaasdynamicasprocessasdueasto:
1)
2)as-asInvolvesasaasdisruptionasofashomeostasis
Isasaasdynamicasprocessasdueasto:
1)asInteractionasbetweenasinjuryasandasreactionastoasinjury
,2)asSignsasandassymptomsasmayaschangeasdailyasbasedasonascompensatoryasmechanismsasan
dasshiftasinasbiologicalasequilibrium
CharacteristicsasofasDiseaseas-asChangesasoccurasatascellularaslevelas(pathology)aswhich...
Resultasinaschangesasatastheasorganaslevelas(pathophysiology)
Diseaseasisastheassumasofasdeviationsasfromasnormal,asnotastheasabnormalasstateasinasandasofasitse
lfas(CopsteadasandasBanasik,as2005)
ProcessasofasDiseaseasManifestationas-asPresenceasofasanasinfectiousasagentasisasdetected
Infectiousasagentascausesaschangesasatascellularasandasorganaslevelas=asaltersashomeostasis
Theseaschangesaspresentasasassignsasandassymptoms,aswhichasareasalsoasimpactedasbyasextern
alasfactors
Allasofastheseasdeviationsasfromasnormalastogetheras=asDISEASE
FrameworkasforasPathophysiology
Toasunderstandasaasdisease,asneedastoasconsiderasthreeasaspectsasofastheasdiseaseasprocess:
1)
2)
3)as-as1)asEtiology:ascause
2)asPathogenesis:ashowastheasdiseaseasdevelops
3)asClinicalasmanifestations:asfunctionalasconsequencesasofasalteredashomeostasis
Etiologyas-asTheascausativeasfactorsasofasaasdisease,asillness,asorasinjury
Idiopathicas-asTheascauseasofasaasconditionasisasunknown
Iatrogenicas-asTheascauseasofasaasconditionasisasdueastoasmedicalastreatmentasoraserroras
(Ex:asbladderasinfectionasafterascatheterization)
Thereasareasmanyastypesasofascausativeasfactors;asoneasorasmoreasthanasoneasmayasbeaspresentas
dependingasonastheasconditionas-asGenetics
Viruses
Bacteria
Degenerativeaschanges
ClassificationasofasDiseaseas-asIntrinsicasorasExtrinsicas(PhysicalasAgentsasorasInfectious)
, ClassificationasofasDiseaseas-asIntrinsicas-asInherited
Congenital
Metabolic
Degenerative
Neoplastic
Immunologic
NutritionalasDeficiency
Psychogenic
ClassificationasofasDiseaseas-asExtrinsicas(PhysicalasAgents)as-asForceas
Temperature
Humidity
Radiation
Electricity
Chemicals
Iatrogenic
ClassificationasofasDiseaseas-asExtrinsicas(Infectious)as-asPathogenicasorganisms
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Pathogenicasanimals
Insects
Worms
Pathogenesisas-asHowasaasdiseaseasdevelopsasorasevolves
=assequenceasofastheasdisease
Pathogenesis
Willasvaryasbasedason:
1)
2)as-as1)asCausalasagent
2)asTypeasofascell,astissue,asandasorganasaffected
Pathogenesis
Immediateasresponseastoasalteredashomeostasisasisasusually:
1)
2)as-as1)asDepressionasofascellsas(fewer,ashypo-responsivity)
2)asStimulationasofascellsas(more,ashyper-responsivity)
FactorsasAffectingasPathogenesisas-asTime
Accurate Detailed Answers || Guaranteed
Pass!!!
Whatasisaspathophysiology?as-
as"...theasstudyasofasfunctionalasorasphysiologicaschangesasinastheasbodyasthatasresultasfromasdisea
seasprocesses."as(Gould,as2006)
"...astheasstudyasofastheasdisorderasorasbreakdownasofastheashumanasbody'sasfunction."as(Copstea
das&asBanasik,as2005)
Explainastheasdifferencesasbetweenaspathologyasandaspathophysiology.as-
asPathologyas=as"...astheaslaboratoryasstudyasofascellasand astissueaschangesasassociated aswithasdis
ease"as(Gould,as2006)
Cellularaschangesasmayascauseasfunctionalasdisturbance,assoaspathologyas=asaascomponentasofa
spathophysiology
Homeostasisas-asHumansasareascontinuallyasinasanasinternalasstateasofasself-
regulationasandasself-adjustment
Resultsasinasaasrelativelyasstableasinternalasenvironmentas=asdynamicassteadyasstate
Mostashomeostaticascontrolasmechanismsasoperateasbasedasonasnegativeasfeedback
Homeostasisas-asNegativeasFeedbackas-
asControlasmechanism asforasparticularasbodyasfunctionassensesasaasdeviation asfromasnormal
Controllerasopposes/negatesastheasdeviationasandasbringsasbackastoasnormalaslevel
Ifasdiseaseaspresent:astheas"sensor"asoras"controller"asmayasnotasoperateaseffectively
DiseaseasandasIllness
Involvesas__________
Isasaasdynamicasprocessasdueasto:
1)
2)as-asInvolvesasaasdisruptionasofashomeostasis
Isasaasdynamicasprocessasdueasto:
1)asInteractionasbetweenasinjuryasandasreactionastoasinjury
,2)asSignsasandassymptomsasmayaschangeasdailyasbasedasonascompensatoryasmechanismsasan
dasshiftasinasbiologicalasequilibrium
CharacteristicsasofasDiseaseas-asChangesasoccurasatascellularaslevelas(pathology)aswhich...
Resultasinaschangesasatastheasorganaslevelas(pathophysiology)
Diseaseasisastheassumasofasdeviationsasfromasnormal,asnotastheasabnormalasstateasinasandasofasitse
lfas(CopsteadasandasBanasik,as2005)
ProcessasofasDiseaseasManifestationas-asPresenceasofasanasinfectiousasagentasisasdetected
Infectiousasagentascausesaschangesasatascellularasandasorganaslevelas=asaltersashomeostasis
Theseaschangesaspresentasasassignsasandassymptoms,aswhichasareasalsoasimpactedasbyasextern
alasfactors
Allasofastheseasdeviationsasfromasnormalastogetheras=asDISEASE
FrameworkasforasPathophysiology
Toasunderstandasaasdisease,asneedastoasconsiderasthreeasaspectsasofastheasdiseaseasprocess:
1)
2)
3)as-as1)asEtiology:ascause
2)asPathogenesis:ashowastheasdiseaseasdevelops
3)asClinicalasmanifestations:asfunctionalasconsequencesasofasalteredashomeostasis
Etiologyas-asTheascausativeasfactorsasofasaasdisease,asillness,asorasinjury
Idiopathicas-asTheascauseasofasaasconditionasisasunknown
Iatrogenicas-asTheascauseasofasaasconditionasisasdueastoasmedicalastreatmentasoraserroras
(Ex:asbladderasinfectionasafterascatheterization)
Thereasareasmanyastypesasofascausativeasfactors;asoneasorasmoreasthanasoneasmayasbeaspresentas
dependingasonastheasconditionas-asGenetics
Viruses
Bacteria
Degenerativeaschanges
ClassificationasofasDiseaseas-asIntrinsicasorasExtrinsicas(PhysicalasAgentsasorasInfectious)
, ClassificationasofasDiseaseas-asIntrinsicas-asInherited
Congenital
Metabolic
Degenerative
Neoplastic
Immunologic
NutritionalasDeficiency
Psychogenic
ClassificationasofasDiseaseas-asExtrinsicas(PhysicalasAgents)as-asForceas
Temperature
Humidity
Radiation
Electricity
Chemicals
Iatrogenic
ClassificationasofasDiseaseas-asExtrinsicas(Infectious)as-asPathogenicasorganisms
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Pathogenicasanimals
Insects
Worms
Pathogenesisas-asHowasaasdiseaseasdevelopsasorasevolves
=assequenceasofastheasdisease
Pathogenesis
Willasvaryasbasedason:
1)
2)as-as1)asCausalasagent
2)asTypeasofascell,astissue,asandasorganasaffected
Pathogenesis
Immediateasresponseastoasalteredashomeostasisasisasusually:
1)
2)as-as1)asDepressionasofascellsas(fewer,ashypo-responsivity)
2)asStimulationasofascellsas(more,ashyper-responsivity)
FactorsasAffectingasPathogenesisas-asTime
