PCC 2 Final Exam: Questions With Analytical Solutions
Normal sodium range Correct Answer - 136-145 mEq/L
Normal range of potassium Correct Answer - 3.5-5 mEq/L
Normal calcium level Correct Answer - 9-10.5 mg/dL
Normal magnesium levels Correct Answer - 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Foods high in sodium Correct Answer - cheese, milk, condiments, canned
foods, fast foods
Foods high in potassium Correct Answer - Avocados, dried fruit,
cantaloupe, bananas, potatoes, spinach salt substitutes
Foods high in calcium Correct Answer - Dairy produce and dark green
veggies
Foods high in magnesium Correct Answer - Whole grains and dark green
veggies, tuna, halibut, salmon, dark chocolate
What is the best way to check for fluid shift Correct Answer - weight and
I&Os
How many mL per day should an average adult gain and lose Correct
Answer - 2,500 mL
Total parenteral nutrition administration Correct Answer - through
central line ONLY (PICC), must have separate pump, 2 RN verification,
baseline labs including glucose
TPN must be administered through Correct Answer - a vein with
extremely rapid blood flow i.e. superior vena cava
Because of high dextrose.... Correct Answer - you have to keep the TPN
continuous of the blood sugar will tank. you have to hang new bag
immediately when changing.
, What can you administer if you do not have TPN and need to stabilize the
glucose levels Correct Answer - D10
How long are TPN bags usually hung for and why Correct Answer - 24
hours because dextrose can grow bacteria easily do to high glucose levels
TPN contents Correct Answer - 1. ALWAYS hypertonic
2. customized to the individual client based on blood sugar and electrolyte
levels
3. contains various dietary elements based on client
4. 50% to 70% dextrose
Complications with TPN infusion and S/S Correct Answer - 1. catheter
(related risk for infection)
2. metabolic (not enough or too much)
3. fluid overload
4. allergic reaction
5. septic infection
6. hyper or hypoglycemia
Site selection considerations Correct Answer - 1. avoid ares of flexion
3. start distally, at hand, and progress proximally
4. know if your med can be administered at this site
5. not in an arm post lymph node dissection or with an arterio-venous fistula
(AVF)
Preventing IV infections Correct Answer - hand hygiene, change IV sites
Q72 hours, replace tubing per protocol, replaces in suspected break in medical
asepsis, change IV fluids Q24 hours, clean all ports with alcohol, never
disconnect
Infiltration of IV Correct Answer - fluid leaking out of blood vessels non
vesicant (does not cause any damage)
Extravasation of IV Correct Answer - fluid leaking out of the blood
vessels vesicant (cause tissues damage)
Normal sodium range Correct Answer - 136-145 mEq/L
Normal range of potassium Correct Answer - 3.5-5 mEq/L
Normal calcium level Correct Answer - 9-10.5 mg/dL
Normal magnesium levels Correct Answer - 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Foods high in sodium Correct Answer - cheese, milk, condiments, canned
foods, fast foods
Foods high in potassium Correct Answer - Avocados, dried fruit,
cantaloupe, bananas, potatoes, spinach salt substitutes
Foods high in calcium Correct Answer - Dairy produce and dark green
veggies
Foods high in magnesium Correct Answer - Whole grains and dark green
veggies, tuna, halibut, salmon, dark chocolate
What is the best way to check for fluid shift Correct Answer - weight and
I&Os
How many mL per day should an average adult gain and lose Correct
Answer - 2,500 mL
Total parenteral nutrition administration Correct Answer - through
central line ONLY (PICC), must have separate pump, 2 RN verification,
baseline labs including glucose
TPN must be administered through Correct Answer - a vein with
extremely rapid blood flow i.e. superior vena cava
Because of high dextrose.... Correct Answer - you have to keep the TPN
continuous of the blood sugar will tank. you have to hang new bag
immediately when changing.
, What can you administer if you do not have TPN and need to stabilize the
glucose levels Correct Answer - D10
How long are TPN bags usually hung for and why Correct Answer - 24
hours because dextrose can grow bacteria easily do to high glucose levels
TPN contents Correct Answer - 1. ALWAYS hypertonic
2. customized to the individual client based on blood sugar and electrolyte
levels
3. contains various dietary elements based on client
4. 50% to 70% dextrose
Complications with TPN infusion and S/S Correct Answer - 1. catheter
(related risk for infection)
2. metabolic (not enough or too much)
3. fluid overload
4. allergic reaction
5. septic infection
6. hyper or hypoglycemia
Site selection considerations Correct Answer - 1. avoid ares of flexion
3. start distally, at hand, and progress proximally
4. know if your med can be administered at this site
5. not in an arm post lymph node dissection or with an arterio-venous fistula
(AVF)
Preventing IV infections Correct Answer - hand hygiene, change IV sites
Q72 hours, replace tubing per protocol, replaces in suspected break in medical
asepsis, change IV fluids Q24 hours, clean all ports with alcohol, never
disconnect
Infiltration of IV Correct Answer - fluid leaking out of blood vessels non
vesicant (does not cause any damage)
Extravasation of IV Correct Answer - fluid leaking out of the blood
vessels vesicant (cause tissues damage)
