PARAMEDIC Final Exam Review 2023
Questions with Correct Answers
Meiosis - ANSWERSType of cell division used by the sex cells to reduce the number of
chromosomes in each from 46 to 23. Sex cells only
Mitosis - ANSWERSType of cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei
containing the same number of chromosomes. This is for bodily growth & repair. results
in 46 chromosomes
negative-feedback loop - ANSWERSfeedback loop that regulates hormones
Pituitary Gland - ANSWERSthe "master gland" of the body's hormone-producing
system, which releases hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the
body. Attached to the base of hypothalamus
peritoneum - ANSWERSserous membrane located in the abdominal cavity
isotonic - ANSWERSHaving the same solute concentration as another solution. Fluid
inside = Fluid outside
Diffusion - ANSWERSMovement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration
active transport - ANSWERSTransport process that requires an input of energy(ATP) to
move a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
Osmosis - ANSWERSDiffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Electrolyte - ANSWERSA substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that
conducts electric current
Superior - ANSWERSHigher on the body, nearer to the head
Fowler's position - ANSWERSsemi-sitting position
recovery position - ANSWERSlying on the side
Ribosomes - ANSWERSsite of protein synthesis
anerobic metabolism - ANSWERSThe cellular process in which glucose is metabolized
without oxygen. Occurs in Cytoplasm
,aerobic metabolism - ANSWERSThe cellular process in which glucose is metabolized
with oxygen. Occurs in Mitochondria
Skin layers (outer to inner) - ANSWERSepidermis, dermis, subcutaneous(hypodermis)
Epiphysis - ANSWERScartilage turns into bone here
Myosin - ANSWERSA protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and
makes up the majority of muscle fiber
temporal lobe - ANSWERSAn area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the
temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - ANSWERSplasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around
the brain and spinal cord, cushions neurons
Neuroglia - ANSWERScells that protect neurons
nervous system - ANSWERSthe network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve
impulses between parts of the body.
Dentrites - ANSWERSBranches that reach out from the cell body and receive signals
from surrounding neurons
semicircular canals - ANSWERSthree fluid-filled canals in the inner ear responsible for
our sense of balance(position)
Cerebellum - ANSWERSA large structure of the hindbrain that controls voluntary motor
function
Cranial Nerve VII - ANSWERSfacial nerve
alpha-adrenergic receptors - ANSWERSstimulated by epinephrine and norepinephrine.
causes vasoconstriction and pupil dilation
Renin - ANSWERSEnzyme secreted by the kidneys that activates angiotensinogen.
This regulates the blood pressure and fluid balance. (Causes Vasoconstriction)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWERSHormone that promotes retention of water with
kidneys; comes from posterior pituitary gland; decreases urinary output
Beta cells - ANSWERSproduce insulin; located in pancreas
Endocrine - ANSWERSglands that secrete hormones
,Hemoglobin - ANSWERSProtein containing iron inside a RBC that causes a weak bond
with oxygen; it also transports carbon dioxide
Leukocytes - ANSWERSWhite blood cells; primary function is to fight infection
Erythropoietin (EPO) - ANSWERShormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the
production of red blood cells by bone marrow
hepatic portal vein - ANSWERSthe vein that collects blood from the GI tract and
conducts it to the liver
thoracic duct - ANSWERSempties into junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian
veins
Lymphocytes - ANSWERSA type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off
infections. Thymus produces these
thymus gland - ANSWERSa gland that secretes thymosin, a hormone vital to the body's
immune system; functions as both an endocrine gland and a lymphatic organ
Normal Flora - ANSWERShelps aid in keeping the bad bacteria out
pancreatic enzymes - ANSWERSdigestive proteins found in pancreatic secretions that
breakdown all organic nutrients; most important for digestion
lacteals - ANSWERSspecialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into
the bloodstream
large intestine - ANSWERSwater absorption takes place here
mesentery - ANSWERSa fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small
intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.
small intestine (Duodenum) - ANSWERSThe part of the digestive system in which most
chemical digestion and nutrient absorption takes place.
urinary bladder - ANSWERSsaclike organ in which urine is stored before being excreted
urinary system - ANSWERSkidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra; regulates pH
seminiferous tubules - ANSWERSsite of sperm production
Zygote - ANSWERSthe fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and
develops into an embryo
Estrogen - ANSWERShormone responsible for ovulation
, chyme - ANSWERSgoes to the duodenum by the stomach
Cell membrane layers - ANSWERSproteins and fatty-acid lipids
Skin layers - ANSWERSepidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
red blood cells (erythrocytes) - ANSWERSblood cells containing hemoglobin that carry
oxygen through the bloodstream
aortic valve - ANSWERSSemilunar valve located between the left ventricle and aorta
liver - ANSWERSproduces bile and stores glycogen
Mechanical Process of the food - ANSWERSWhat is the function of the oral cavity
Retina - ANSWERSLight sensitive layer of the eye; contains rods and cones
Glycogen - ANSWERSStorage form of glucose; found in the liver and skeletal muscles
Blood amount - ANSWERS5-6 liters
pleura - ANSWERSthe serous membrane covering the lungs and lining the thoracic
cavity
spleen - ANSWERSAn organ that is part of the lymphatic system; it produces
lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. Located
in the LUQ
smooth muscle - ANSWERSinvoluntary muscle found in internal organs
Baroreceptors - ANSWERSdetect changes in blood pressure and located in the aorta
arch and carotid sinus
Chemoreceptors - ANSWERSdetect changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWERSA division of the autonomic nervous system
that causes the fight-or-flight response.
peripheral nervous system - ANSWERSthe sensory and motor neurons that connect the
central nervous system to the rest of the body
left brain stroke - ANSWERSParalysis on the right side of body, speech/language
problems, slow behavior, memory loss
Questions with Correct Answers
Meiosis - ANSWERSType of cell division used by the sex cells to reduce the number of
chromosomes in each from 46 to 23. Sex cells only
Mitosis - ANSWERSType of cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei
containing the same number of chromosomes. This is for bodily growth & repair. results
in 46 chromosomes
negative-feedback loop - ANSWERSfeedback loop that regulates hormones
Pituitary Gland - ANSWERSthe "master gland" of the body's hormone-producing
system, which releases hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the
body. Attached to the base of hypothalamus
peritoneum - ANSWERSserous membrane located in the abdominal cavity
isotonic - ANSWERSHaving the same solute concentration as another solution. Fluid
inside = Fluid outside
Diffusion - ANSWERSMovement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration
active transport - ANSWERSTransport process that requires an input of energy(ATP) to
move a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
Osmosis - ANSWERSDiffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Electrolyte - ANSWERSA substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that
conducts electric current
Superior - ANSWERSHigher on the body, nearer to the head
Fowler's position - ANSWERSsemi-sitting position
recovery position - ANSWERSlying on the side
Ribosomes - ANSWERSsite of protein synthesis
anerobic metabolism - ANSWERSThe cellular process in which glucose is metabolized
without oxygen. Occurs in Cytoplasm
,aerobic metabolism - ANSWERSThe cellular process in which glucose is metabolized
with oxygen. Occurs in Mitochondria
Skin layers (outer to inner) - ANSWERSepidermis, dermis, subcutaneous(hypodermis)
Epiphysis - ANSWERScartilage turns into bone here
Myosin - ANSWERSA protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and
makes up the majority of muscle fiber
temporal lobe - ANSWERSAn area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the
temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - ANSWERSplasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around
the brain and spinal cord, cushions neurons
Neuroglia - ANSWERScells that protect neurons
nervous system - ANSWERSthe network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve
impulses between parts of the body.
Dentrites - ANSWERSBranches that reach out from the cell body and receive signals
from surrounding neurons
semicircular canals - ANSWERSthree fluid-filled canals in the inner ear responsible for
our sense of balance(position)
Cerebellum - ANSWERSA large structure of the hindbrain that controls voluntary motor
function
Cranial Nerve VII - ANSWERSfacial nerve
alpha-adrenergic receptors - ANSWERSstimulated by epinephrine and norepinephrine.
causes vasoconstriction and pupil dilation
Renin - ANSWERSEnzyme secreted by the kidneys that activates angiotensinogen.
This regulates the blood pressure and fluid balance. (Causes Vasoconstriction)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWERSHormone that promotes retention of water with
kidneys; comes from posterior pituitary gland; decreases urinary output
Beta cells - ANSWERSproduce insulin; located in pancreas
Endocrine - ANSWERSglands that secrete hormones
,Hemoglobin - ANSWERSProtein containing iron inside a RBC that causes a weak bond
with oxygen; it also transports carbon dioxide
Leukocytes - ANSWERSWhite blood cells; primary function is to fight infection
Erythropoietin (EPO) - ANSWERShormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the
production of red blood cells by bone marrow
hepatic portal vein - ANSWERSthe vein that collects blood from the GI tract and
conducts it to the liver
thoracic duct - ANSWERSempties into junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian
veins
Lymphocytes - ANSWERSA type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off
infections. Thymus produces these
thymus gland - ANSWERSa gland that secretes thymosin, a hormone vital to the body's
immune system; functions as both an endocrine gland and a lymphatic organ
Normal Flora - ANSWERShelps aid in keeping the bad bacteria out
pancreatic enzymes - ANSWERSdigestive proteins found in pancreatic secretions that
breakdown all organic nutrients; most important for digestion
lacteals - ANSWERSspecialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into
the bloodstream
large intestine - ANSWERSwater absorption takes place here
mesentery - ANSWERSa fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small
intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.
small intestine (Duodenum) - ANSWERSThe part of the digestive system in which most
chemical digestion and nutrient absorption takes place.
urinary bladder - ANSWERSsaclike organ in which urine is stored before being excreted
urinary system - ANSWERSkidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra; regulates pH
seminiferous tubules - ANSWERSsite of sperm production
Zygote - ANSWERSthe fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and
develops into an embryo
Estrogen - ANSWERShormone responsible for ovulation
, chyme - ANSWERSgoes to the duodenum by the stomach
Cell membrane layers - ANSWERSproteins and fatty-acid lipids
Skin layers - ANSWERSepidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
red blood cells (erythrocytes) - ANSWERSblood cells containing hemoglobin that carry
oxygen through the bloodstream
aortic valve - ANSWERSSemilunar valve located between the left ventricle and aorta
liver - ANSWERSproduces bile and stores glycogen
Mechanical Process of the food - ANSWERSWhat is the function of the oral cavity
Retina - ANSWERSLight sensitive layer of the eye; contains rods and cones
Glycogen - ANSWERSStorage form of glucose; found in the liver and skeletal muscles
Blood amount - ANSWERS5-6 liters
pleura - ANSWERSthe serous membrane covering the lungs and lining the thoracic
cavity
spleen - ANSWERSAn organ that is part of the lymphatic system; it produces
lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. Located
in the LUQ
smooth muscle - ANSWERSinvoluntary muscle found in internal organs
Baroreceptors - ANSWERSdetect changes in blood pressure and located in the aorta
arch and carotid sinus
Chemoreceptors - ANSWERSdetect changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWERSA division of the autonomic nervous system
that causes the fight-or-flight response.
peripheral nervous system - ANSWERSthe sensory and motor neurons that connect the
central nervous system to the rest of the body
left brain stroke - ANSWERSParalysis on the right side of body, speech/language
problems, slow behavior, memory loss
