Complete Test Bank for Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology: Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition by Nancy Tkacs ISBN:9780826177070| Complete Guide A+

,Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICA
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L PRACTICE
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1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
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A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.


2.
The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated
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by momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes loc
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alized:
A) bleeding.

B) congestion.

C) pale skin.
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D) coolness.


3.
The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement
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kmof leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early
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min great numbers?
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A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes

C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets

4.
The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the
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km initial step in the process?
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A) Engulfment

,B) Intracellular killing km




C) Antigen margination km




D) Recognition and adherence km km




5.
Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased ca
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pillary permeability and pain?
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A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide km




6.
Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which
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of the following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
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A) Serous
B) Fibrinous

C) Suppurative
D) Membranous


7. The acute-
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phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of in
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flammation and includes: km km




A) fever and lethargy.
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B) decreased C-reactive protein.
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C) positive nitrogen balance.
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D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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8.
In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characteriz
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ed by which of the following phenomena?
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A) Profuse fibrinous exudation
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, B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
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C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
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D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages km km km




9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-
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1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood lead to the release of endo
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genous pyrogens that:
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A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.
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B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia.
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C) block viral replication in cells.
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D) inhibit prostaglandin release.
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10
An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attem
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pted
.
to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute infla
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mmation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following
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mevents will occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammatio
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n?
A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
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B) Chemotaxis

C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium
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D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris km km km




11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
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. experiencing chronic inflammation?
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A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
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B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
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C)
A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infectio
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n
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
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