Test Bank -Essentials of Genetics, William Klug,
Eighth Edition, Chapter 2
Chromosomes - ANSWER: Structures which serve as vehicles for transmitting
genetic information
Mitosis - ANSWER: Leads to the production of two cells, each with the same number
of chromosomes as the parent cell
Meiosis - ANSWER: Reduces the genetic content and the number of chromosomes
to precisely half. Provides the basis for maintaining genetic continuity from generation to
generation
Plasma membrane - ANSWER: An outer covering that defines the cell boundary and
delimits the cell from its immediate external environment, not passive
Glycocalyx - ANSWER: A covering over the plasma membrane; provides biochemical
identity at the surface of cells
Receptor molecules - ANSWER: Act as recognition sites that transfer specific
chemical signals across the cell membrane into the cell
Eukaryotic cells - ANSWER: Cells which contain a nucleus and other membranous
organelles
Nucleus - ANSWER: Houses the genetic material, DNA, which is complexed with an
array of acidic and basic proteins into thin fibers
Nucleolus - ANSWER: An amorphous component where ribosomal RNA (tRNA) is
synthesized and where the initial stages of ribosomal assembly occur
Prokaryotic cells - ANSWER: Cells that lack a nuclear envelope and membranous #$%^&
organelles *()(*&
%^&*(
Cytoplasm - ANSWER: A nonparticulate, colloidal material referred to as the cytosol, *&^%$
which surrounds and encompasses the cellular organelles %^&*&
^%$%^
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER: ER, compartmentalises the cytoplasm, greatly
increasing the surface area available for biochemical synthesis. &*(*&
%$%^*
Mitochondria - ANSWER: The sites of the oxidative phases of cell respiration &^%$%
&^%$&
Chloroplasts - ANSWER: Are associated with photosynthesis. Can duplicate ^%$%&
themselves and transcribe and translate their genetic information ^%$%^
%$%^*
Centrioles - ANSWER: Located in a specialized region called the centrosomes;
associated with the organization of spindle fibbers that function in mitosis and meiosis &^%$$
%^&*(
*&^%$
#$%^&
*
Eighth Edition, Chapter 2
Chromosomes - ANSWER: Structures which serve as vehicles for transmitting
genetic information
Mitosis - ANSWER: Leads to the production of two cells, each with the same number
of chromosomes as the parent cell
Meiosis - ANSWER: Reduces the genetic content and the number of chromosomes
to precisely half. Provides the basis for maintaining genetic continuity from generation to
generation
Plasma membrane - ANSWER: An outer covering that defines the cell boundary and
delimits the cell from its immediate external environment, not passive
Glycocalyx - ANSWER: A covering over the plasma membrane; provides biochemical
identity at the surface of cells
Receptor molecules - ANSWER: Act as recognition sites that transfer specific
chemical signals across the cell membrane into the cell
Eukaryotic cells - ANSWER: Cells which contain a nucleus and other membranous
organelles
Nucleus - ANSWER: Houses the genetic material, DNA, which is complexed with an
array of acidic and basic proteins into thin fibers
Nucleolus - ANSWER: An amorphous component where ribosomal RNA (tRNA) is
synthesized and where the initial stages of ribosomal assembly occur
Prokaryotic cells - ANSWER: Cells that lack a nuclear envelope and membranous #$%^&
organelles *()(*&
%^&*(
Cytoplasm - ANSWER: A nonparticulate, colloidal material referred to as the cytosol, *&^%$
which surrounds and encompasses the cellular organelles %^&*&
^%$%^
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER: ER, compartmentalises the cytoplasm, greatly
increasing the surface area available for biochemical synthesis. &*(*&
%$%^*
Mitochondria - ANSWER: The sites of the oxidative phases of cell respiration &^%$%
&^%$&
Chloroplasts - ANSWER: Are associated with photosynthesis. Can duplicate ^%$%&
themselves and transcribe and translate their genetic information ^%$%^
%$%^*
Centrioles - ANSWER: Located in a specialized region called the centrosomes;
associated with the organization of spindle fibbers that function in mitosis and meiosis &^%$$
%^&*(
*&^%$
#$%^&
*
