,Problems of History (4) - CORRECT ANSWERS -1) fragility and loss
2) errors
3) context
4) bias in perspective
Historiography - CORRECT ANSWERS -the study of the proper way to write history
Psychology - CORRECT ANSWERS -the study of the psyche, or mind, and this study is
as old as the human species
Plato and Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWERS -created elaborate theories that attempted
to account for such processes as memory, perception, and learning
Why does it seem unsatisfactory that psychology came into existence when it emerged
as a separate science in the 19th century? - CORRECT ANSWERS -1) it ignored the
vast philosophical heritage that molded it into the type of science that it eventually
became
2) it omits important aspects of psychology that are outside of the realm of science
Presentism - CORRECT ANSWERS -attempts to understand the past in terms of
contemporary knowledge and standards
Historicism - CORRECT ANSWERS -the study of the past for its own sake without
attempting to relate the past and present
Why is history selective? - CORRECT ANSWERS -There is so much detail, what should
be included? The usual solution is to omit large amounts of information. Only those
individuals who did the most to develop or popularize an idea are covered
Zeitgeist - CORRECT ANSWERS -German for 'spirit of the times'. An approach to
writing history that says it is less about the particular people and more about
understanding the spirit of the time period
Great Person Approach - CORRECT ANSWERS -The approach to history that
concentrates on the most prominent contributors to the topic or field under
consideration. (the handful of key people).
But it leaves out a lot of the 'connective tissue' or the 'supportive cast'. The sin of
omission.
Historical Development Approach - CORRECT ANSWERS -Showing how various
individuals or events contributed to changes in an idea or concept throughout the years
, Eclectic Approach - CORRECT ANSWERS -Taking the best from a variety of
viewpoints. Using whatever methods seem best to illuminate an aspect of the history of
psychology
E.G Boring - CORRECT ANSWERS -Served as the president of the American
Psychological Association in 1928 and stressed the importance of the zeitgeist.
"Pure Science" - CORRECT ANSWERS -the gaining of knowledge without any concern
for its usefulness
Science - CORRECT ANSWERS -The systematic attempt to rationally categorize or
explain empirical observations. It came into existence as a way of answering questions
about nature directly rather than depending on the church dogma, past authorities, and
superstition.
Science is often characterized as having two major components- - CORRECT
ANSWERS -1) empirical observation
2) theory
Empirical Observation - CORRECT ANSWERS -The direct observation of nature
Empiricism - CORRECT ANSWERS -The belief that the basis of all knowledge is
sensory experience.
Passive process. Biology has given you everything you need, you don't have to do
anything.
Aristotle
Bottom-Up
Britain
Rationalism - CORRECT ANSWERS -The rules of logic. The philosophical belief that
knowledge can be attained only by engaging in some type of systematic mental activity
Always actively filtering information.
Top-Down
Active process.
Germany.
Scientific Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS -A proposed explanation of a number of
empirical observations
2) errors
3) context
4) bias in perspective
Historiography - CORRECT ANSWERS -the study of the proper way to write history
Psychology - CORRECT ANSWERS -the study of the psyche, or mind, and this study is
as old as the human species
Plato and Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWERS -created elaborate theories that attempted
to account for such processes as memory, perception, and learning
Why does it seem unsatisfactory that psychology came into existence when it emerged
as a separate science in the 19th century? - CORRECT ANSWERS -1) it ignored the
vast philosophical heritage that molded it into the type of science that it eventually
became
2) it omits important aspects of psychology that are outside of the realm of science
Presentism - CORRECT ANSWERS -attempts to understand the past in terms of
contemporary knowledge and standards
Historicism - CORRECT ANSWERS -the study of the past for its own sake without
attempting to relate the past and present
Why is history selective? - CORRECT ANSWERS -There is so much detail, what should
be included? The usual solution is to omit large amounts of information. Only those
individuals who did the most to develop or popularize an idea are covered
Zeitgeist - CORRECT ANSWERS -German for 'spirit of the times'. An approach to
writing history that says it is less about the particular people and more about
understanding the spirit of the time period
Great Person Approach - CORRECT ANSWERS -The approach to history that
concentrates on the most prominent contributors to the topic or field under
consideration. (the handful of key people).
But it leaves out a lot of the 'connective tissue' or the 'supportive cast'. The sin of
omission.
Historical Development Approach - CORRECT ANSWERS -Showing how various
individuals or events contributed to changes in an idea or concept throughout the years
, Eclectic Approach - CORRECT ANSWERS -Taking the best from a variety of
viewpoints. Using whatever methods seem best to illuminate an aspect of the history of
psychology
E.G Boring - CORRECT ANSWERS -Served as the president of the American
Psychological Association in 1928 and stressed the importance of the zeitgeist.
"Pure Science" - CORRECT ANSWERS -the gaining of knowledge without any concern
for its usefulness
Science - CORRECT ANSWERS -The systematic attempt to rationally categorize or
explain empirical observations. It came into existence as a way of answering questions
about nature directly rather than depending on the church dogma, past authorities, and
superstition.
Science is often characterized as having two major components- - CORRECT
ANSWERS -1) empirical observation
2) theory
Empirical Observation - CORRECT ANSWERS -The direct observation of nature
Empiricism - CORRECT ANSWERS -The belief that the basis of all knowledge is
sensory experience.
Passive process. Biology has given you everything you need, you don't have to do
anything.
Aristotle
Bottom-Up
Britain
Rationalism - CORRECT ANSWERS -The rules of logic. The philosophical belief that
knowledge can be attained only by engaging in some type of systematic mental activity
Always actively filtering information.
Top-Down
Active process.
Germany.
Scientific Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS -A proposed explanation of a number of
empirical observations
