This BIOD 171 Microbiology Lecture – Exam 1 Study Guide covers Microbiology Basics, Cell Structure, and Microscopy in a clear and concise format. Topics include: Introduction to microbiology and its importance History of microbiology (key scientists an

BIOD 171 Microbiology Lecture - Exam 1 Study Guide

1. Microbiology Basics
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. It plays a
vital role in understanding infectious diseases, the human microbiome, biotechnology, and public health.


History:
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Developed simple microscopes, observed microorganisms.
- Louis Pasteur: Germ theory, pasteurization.
- Robert Koch: Koch's postulates for linking microbes to diseases.


2. Classification of Microorganisms
Major Groups:
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Algae


Taxonomy Hierarchy: Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species.


3. Cell Structure - Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes:
- No true nucleus, DNA in nucleoid.
- Cell wall (peptidoglycan in bacteria).
- Ribosomes 70S.
- Flagella, pili, capsule possible.


Eukaryotes:
- True nucleus with nuclear envelope.
- Membrane-bound organelles.
- Ribosomes 80S.
- Cytoskeleton present.


4. Cell Shapes & Arrangements
Shapes:
- Cocci (spherical)
- Bacilli (rod-shaped)
- Spirilla & spirochetes (spiral)


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