NUR-552 HEENT Chronic Conditions Questions With
Complete Solutions
Cataract etiology Correct Answers Congenital:
•maternal rubella, genetic
component
Trauma:
•penetrating wounds, blunt
trauma to eyeball
Systemic disease:
Diabetes,
hypoparathyroidism,
galactosemia, Down
syndrome
Poisoning
•radiation, ingestion of
napthalene (mothballs)
Complications of other eye diseases
•uveitis, glaucoma
Long-term use of systemic steroids
Clinical manifestations for astigmatism Correct Answers
•often associated with other refractive errors (myopia,
hyperopia)
•distortion of vision
,•frowning, squinting
•eyestrain, HA, fatigue
•indifference to school work (not effected)
holds reading material close
Clinical manifestations of branchial cysts, sinuses, and fistulas?
Correct Answers •infection may occur as a first sign; draining
area at one of the three branchial remnant sites
•become slowly enlarging, lateral cervical masses
round, smooth, movable, nontender until infected
Clinical manifestations of cataracts Correct Answers opacity
of lens on examination
•absent red reflex if cataract is covering pupil
•strabismus - may be first indication in child because the child
can't see out of that eye
•diminished vision
•nystagmus with severe decreased visual acuity
•no pain
,Clinical manifestations of cleft lip Correct Answers •may vary
from a small notch in the vermillion border to a complete
separation extending into the floor of the nose
•may be unilateral (more often on the left side) or bilateral
•deformed, supernumerary, or absent teeth are associated
findings
Clinical manifestations of cleft palate Correct Answers •occurs
in the midline and may involve only the uvula or may extend
into or through the soft and hard palates to the incisive foramen
•when associated with cleft lip, the defect may involve the
midline of the soft palate and extend into the hard palate on one
or both sides, exposing one or both of the nasalcavities as a
unilateral or bilateral cleft palate
Clinical manifestations of dental caries Correct Answers
•usually begin in the pits and fissures
•pain occurs when decay impinges on the pulp and an
inflammatory response develops
•small lesions may be difficult to diagnose by visual inspection,
but larger lesions present as cavities of the occlusal surface
•if left untreated, dental caries usually destroy most of the tooth
and invade the dental pulp, leading to an inflammation of the
pulp (pulpitis) and significant pain
, •pulpitis can progress to necrosis with invasion of the alveolar
bone causing a dental abscess
Clinical manifestations of glaucoma Correct Answers •classic
triad of epiphoria (tearing), photophobia, and blepharospasm
(eye-lid squeezing) occurs in about 1/3
•corneal edema
•corneal and ocular enlargement
•conjunctival injection
•visual impairment
haziness of cornea
•cupping of optic nerve head
•buphthalmos (ox eye):
expansion of the globe,
including the cornea due to
increased ocular pressure
•aniridia (underdevelopment of the iris) and cataracts may be
present
Clinical manifestations of hydrocephalus Correct Answers
Accelerated rate of enlargement of the head is most prominent
sign
Complete Solutions
Cataract etiology Correct Answers Congenital:
•maternal rubella, genetic
component
Trauma:
•penetrating wounds, blunt
trauma to eyeball
Systemic disease:
Diabetes,
hypoparathyroidism,
galactosemia, Down
syndrome
Poisoning
•radiation, ingestion of
napthalene (mothballs)
Complications of other eye diseases
•uveitis, glaucoma
Long-term use of systemic steroids
Clinical manifestations for astigmatism Correct Answers
•often associated with other refractive errors (myopia,
hyperopia)
•distortion of vision
,•frowning, squinting
•eyestrain, HA, fatigue
•indifference to school work (not effected)
holds reading material close
Clinical manifestations of branchial cysts, sinuses, and fistulas?
Correct Answers •infection may occur as a first sign; draining
area at one of the three branchial remnant sites
•become slowly enlarging, lateral cervical masses
round, smooth, movable, nontender until infected
Clinical manifestations of cataracts Correct Answers opacity
of lens on examination
•absent red reflex if cataract is covering pupil
•strabismus - may be first indication in child because the child
can't see out of that eye
•diminished vision
•nystagmus with severe decreased visual acuity
•no pain
,Clinical manifestations of cleft lip Correct Answers •may vary
from a small notch in the vermillion border to a complete
separation extending into the floor of the nose
•may be unilateral (more often on the left side) or bilateral
•deformed, supernumerary, or absent teeth are associated
findings
Clinical manifestations of cleft palate Correct Answers •occurs
in the midline and may involve only the uvula or may extend
into or through the soft and hard palates to the incisive foramen
•when associated with cleft lip, the defect may involve the
midline of the soft palate and extend into the hard palate on one
or both sides, exposing one or both of the nasalcavities as a
unilateral or bilateral cleft palate
Clinical manifestations of dental caries Correct Answers
•usually begin in the pits and fissures
•pain occurs when decay impinges on the pulp and an
inflammatory response develops
•small lesions may be difficult to diagnose by visual inspection,
but larger lesions present as cavities of the occlusal surface
•if left untreated, dental caries usually destroy most of the tooth
and invade the dental pulp, leading to an inflammation of the
pulp (pulpitis) and significant pain
, •pulpitis can progress to necrosis with invasion of the alveolar
bone causing a dental abscess
Clinical manifestations of glaucoma Correct Answers •classic
triad of epiphoria (tearing), photophobia, and blepharospasm
(eye-lid squeezing) occurs in about 1/3
•corneal edema
•corneal and ocular enlargement
•conjunctival injection
•visual impairment
haziness of cornea
•cupping of optic nerve head
•buphthalmos (ox eye):
expansion of the globe,
including the cornea due to
increased ocular pressure
•aniridia (underdevelopment of the iris) and cataracts may be
present
Clinical manifestations of hydrocephalus Correct Answers
Accelerated rate of enlargement of the head is most prominent
sign
