1. (8001) Which statement is true regarding bearings used in high-powered reciprocating
There is less rolling friction when ball bearings aircraft engines?
are used than when roller bearings are employed.
2. (8002) A condition that can occur in radial engines but is unlikely to occur in horizontally
hydraulic lock. opposed engines is
3. (8003) Which condition would be the least likely to be caused by failed or failing engine
Low oil temperatures. bearings?
4. (8004) What is the principal advantage of using propeller reduction gears?
To enable the engine RPM to be increased with
an accompanying increase in power and allow
the propeller to remain at a lower, more efficient
RPM.
5. (8005) Which of the following will decrease volumetric efficiency in a reciprocating engine?
3, 4, and 5.
6. (8006) Which of the following is a characteristic of a thrust bearing used in most radial
Deep-groove ball. engines?
Master rod bearing (radial engine). 7. (8007) Which bearing is least likely to be a roller or ball bearing?
8. (8008) The operating temperature valve clearance of a radial engine as compared to cold
greater. valve clearance is
9. (8009) A nine-cylinder engine with a bore of 5.5 inches and a stroke of 6 inches will have a
1,283 cubic inches. total piston displacement of
10. (8010) The five events of a four-stroke cycle engine in the order of their occurrence are
intake, compression, ignition, power, exhaust.
provide for balance and eliminate vibration to the 11. (8011) The primary concern in establishing the firing order for an opposed engine is to
greatest extent possible.
just after top center at the beginning of the power 12. (8012) If fuel/air ratio is proper and ignition timing is correct, the combustion process
should be completed
stroke.
13. (8013) Grinding the valves of a reciprocating engine to a feather edge is likely to result in
preignition and burned valves.
14. (8014) Which statement is correct regarding engine crankshafts?
Moveable counterweights serve to reduce the
torsional vibrations in an aircraft reciprocating
engine.
15. (8015) On which strokes are both valves on a four-stroke cycle reciprocating aircraft engine
Exhaust and intake. open?
Plain. 16. (8016) Master rod bearings are generally what type?
brake horsepower. 17. (8017) The actual power delivered to the propeller of an aircraft engine is called
18. (8018) Cam-ground pistons are installed in some aircraft engines to
provide a better fit at operating temperatures.
19. (8019) Using the following information, determine how many degrees the crankshaft will
245°. rotate with both the intake and exhaust valves seated.
provide a straight cylinder bore at operating 20. (8020) Some aircraft engine manufacturers equip their product with choked or taper-ground
temperatures. cylinders in order to
21. (8021) An aircraft reciprocating engine using hydraulic valve lifters is observed to have no
clearance in its valve-operating mechanism after the minimum inlet oil and cylinder head
During normal operation. temperatures for takeoff have been reached. When can this condition be expected?
,Timing disk. 22. (8022) What tool is generally used to measure the crankshaft rotation in degrees?
23. (8023) If an engine with a stroke of 6 inches is operated at 2,000 RPM, the piston movement
at maximum velocity 90° after TDC. within the cylinder will be
24. (8024) If the intake valve is opened too early in the cycle of operation of a four-stroke cycle
backfiring into the induction system. engine, it may result in
nitriding. 25. (8025) Some cylinder barrels are hardened by
The intake valve closes on the compression 26. (8026) Which statement is correct regarding a four-stroke cycle aircraft engine?
stroke.
27. (8027) On which part of the cylinder walls of a normally operating engine will the greatest
Near the top of the cylinder. amount of wear occur?
28. (8028) During overhaul, reciprocating engine exhaust valves are checked for stretch
with a contour or radius gauge.
29. (8029) When is the fuel/air mixture ignited in a conventional reciprocating engine?
Shortly before the piston reaches the top of the
compression stroke.
30. (8030) Ignition occurs at 28° BTDC on a certain four-stroke cycle engine, and the intake
valve opens at 15° BTDC. How many degrees of crankshaft travel after ignition does the intake
373°. valve open? (Consider one cylinder only.)
To prevent valves from falling into the 31. (8031) What is the purpose of the safety circlet installed on some valve stems?
combustion chamber.
during which both valves are off their seats. 32. (8032) Valve overlap is defined as the number of degrees of crankshaft travel
33. (8033) The valve clearance of an engine using hydraulic lifters, when the lifters are
a specified amount above zero. completely flat, or empty, should not exceed
34. (8034) If the exhaust valve of a four-stroke cycle engine is closed and the intake valve is
compression stroke. just closed, the piston is on the
35. (8035) How many of the following are factors in establishing the maximum compression
Three. ratio limitations of an aircraft engine?
both the piston and the small end of the 36. (8036) Full-floating piston pins are those which allow motion between the pin and
connecting rod.
obtain the best volumetric efficiency and lower 37. (8037) The primary purpose in setting proper valve timing and overlap is to
cylinder operating temperatures.
38. (8038) If the hot clearance is used to set the valves when the engine is cold, what will occur
The valves will open late and close early. during operation of the engine?
eliminate valve spring surge. 39. (8039) The purpose of two or more valve springs in aircraft engines is to
40. (8040) During overhaul, the disassembled parts of an engine are usually degreased with
water-mixed degreaser residues may cause some form of mineral spirits solvent rather than water-mixed degreasers primarily because
engine oil contamination in the overhauled
engine.
41. (8041) Why does the smoothness of operation of an engine increase with a greater number
The power impulses are spaced closer together. of cylinders?
cylinder volume with piston at bottom dead 42. (8042) Compression ratio is the ratio between the
center and at top dead center.
43. (8043) If the crankshaft runout readings on the dial indicator are plus .002 inch and minus
.005 inch. .003 inch, the runout is
both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. 44. (8044) (1) Cast iron piston rings may be used in chrome-plated cylinders.
, 45. (8045) How is proper end-gap clearance on new piston rings assured during the overhaul of
By placing the rings in the cylinder and an engine?
measuring the end-gap with a feeler gauge.
46. (8046) The volume of a cylinder equals 70 cubic inches when the piston is at bottom center.
When the piston is at the top of the cylinder, the volume equals 10 cubic inches. What is the
7:1 compression ratio?
47. (8047) When cleaning aluminum and magnesium engine parts, it is inadvisable to soak them
some of the soap will become impregnated in the in solutions containing soap because
surface of the material and subsequently cause
engine oil contamination and foaming.
To determine satisfactory performance. 48. (8048) What is the purpose of a power check on a reciprocating engine?
49. (8049) What will be the likely result if the piston ring gaps happen to be aligned when
A worn or defective ring(s) indication. performing a differential-pressure compression check on a cylinder?
50. (8050) Which of the following will be caused by excessive valve clearance of a cylinder on
Reduced valve overlap period. a reciprocating aircraft engine?
51. (8051) The floating control thermostat, used on some reciprocating engine installations,
controlling air flow through the oil cooler. helps regulate oil temperature by
Lower than normal static RPM, full throttle 52. (8052) Which of the following would indicate a general weak-engine condition when
operated with a fixed-pitch propeller or test club?
operation.
53. (8053) What is required by 14 CFR Part 43 Appendix D when performing an annual/100-
Cylinder compression check. hour inspection on a reciprocating engine aircraft?
54. (8054) After spark plugs from an opposed engine have been serviced, in what position
Next in firing order to the one from which they should they be reinstalled?
were removed and swapped bottom to top.
55. (8055) As the pressure is applied during a reciprocating engine compression check using a
differential pressure tester, what would a movement of the propeller in the direction of engine
The piston was positioned past top dead center. rotation indicate?
late and closing early. 56. (8056) Excessive valve clearance results in the valves opening
57. (8057) During routine inspection of a reciprocating engine, a deposit of small, bright,
may be a result of abnormal plain type bearing metallic particles which do not cling to the magnetic drain plug is discovered in the oil sump
wear and is cause for further investigation. and on the surface of the oil filter. This condition
shock mounts point toward the engine's center of 58. (8058) A characteristic of dyna-focal engine mounts as applied to aircraft reciprocating
gravity. engines is that the
59. (8059) If metallic particles are found in the oil filter during an inspection,
the cause should be identified and corrected
before the aircraft is released for flight.
60. (8060) If the oil pressure gauge fluctuates over a wide range from zero to normal operating
low oil supply. pressure, the most likely cause is
Eliminate cam bearing clearance when making 61. (8061) What special procedure must be followed when adjusting the valves of an engine
valve adjustment. equipped with a floating cam ring?
The valves will not seat positively during start 62. (8062) Which of the following is most likely to occur if an overhead valve engine is
and engine warmup. operated with inadequate valve clearances?
63. (8063) Excessive valve clearances will cause the duration of valve opening to
decrease for both intake and exhaust valves.
64. (8064) What does valve overlap promote?
Better scavenging and cooling characteristics.
, 65. (8065) At what speed must a crankshaft turn if each cylinder of a four-stroke cycle engine is
400 RPM. to be fired 200 times a minute?
1 and 3. 66. (8066) Engine crankshaft runout is usually checked
67. (8067) Before attempting to start a radial engine that has been shut down for more than 30
turn the propeller by hand three to four minutes,
revolutions in the normal direction of rotation to
check for liquid lock.
68. (8068) An engine misses in both the right and left positions of the magneto switch. The
check for one or more cold cylinders. quickest method for locating the trouble is to
69. (8069) A hissing sound from the exhaust stacks when the propeller is being pulled through
exhaust valve blow-by. manually indicates
engine's lubrication system is probably operating 70. (8070) If the oil pressure of a cold engine is higher than at normal operating temperatures,
normally. the
71. (8071) If an engine operates with a low oil pressure and a high oil temperature, the problem
leaking oil dilution valve. may be caused by a
A mixture leaner than a manual lean mixture of 72. (8072) Which fuel/air mixture will result in the highest engine temperature (all other factors
.060. remaining constant)?
73. (8073) If an engine cylinder is to be removed, at what position in the cylinder should the
Top dead center. piston be?
74. (8074) The horsepower developed in the cylinders of a reciprocating engine is known as the
indicated horsepower.
run smoothly and give the desired performance at 75. (8075) Engine operating flexibility is the ability of the engine to
all speeds.
76. (8076) Standard aircraft cylinder oversizes usually range from 0.010 inch to 0.030 inch.
Oversize on automobile engine cylinders may range up to 0.100 inch. This is because aircraft
have relatively thin walls and may be nitrided. engine cylinders
77. (8077) If the ignition switch is moved from BOTH to either LEFT or RIGHT during an
slight drop in RPM. engine ground check, normal operation is usually indicated by a
78. (8078) During ground check an engine is found to be rough-running, the magneto drop is
normal, and the manifold pressure is higher than normal for any given RPM. The trouble may
a dead cylinder. be caused by
High oil consumption. 79. (8079) What is the best indication of worn valve guides?
80. (8080) By use of a differential pressure compression tester, it is determined that the No. 3
cylinder of a nine-cylinder radial engine will not hold pressure after the crankshaft has been
A normal indication. rotated 260° from top dead center compression stroke No. 1 cylinder. How can this indication
usually be interpreted?
At the end of the exhaust stroke and the 81. (8081) When does valve overlap occur in the operation of an aircraft reciprocating engine?
beginning of the intake stroke.
82. (8082) What is an advantage of using metallic-sodium filled exhaust valves in aircraft
Reduced valve operating temperatures. reciprocating engines?
83. (8083) Valve clearance changes on opposed-type engines using hydraulic lifters are
push rod replacement. accomplished by
84. (8084) What is likely to occur if a reciprocating engine is operated at high power settings
Oil starvation of bearings and other parts. before it is properly warmed up?
85. (8085) An increase in manifold pressure with a constant RPM will cause the bearing load in
increase. an engine to
There is less rolling friction when ball bearings aircraft engines?
are used than when roller bearings are employed.
2. (8002) A condition that can occur in radial engines but is unlikely to occur in horizontally
hydraulic lock. opposed engines is
3. (8003) Which condition would be the least likely to be caused by failed or failing engine
Low oil temperatures. bearings?
4. (8004) What is the principal advantage of using propeller reduction gears?
To enable the engine RPM to be increased with
an accompanying increase in power and allow
the propeller to remain at a lower, more efficient
RPM.
5. (8005) Which of the following will decrease volumetric efficiency in a reciprocating engine?
3, 4, and 5.
6. (8006) Which of the following is a characteristic of a thrust bearing used in most radial
Deep-groove ball. engines?
Master rod bearing (radial engine). 7. (8007) Which bearing is least likely to be a roller or ball bearing?
8. (8008) The operating temperature valve clearance of a radial engine as compared to cold
greater. valve clearance is
9. (8009) A nine-cylinder engine with a bore of 5.5 inches and a stroke of 6 inches will have a
1,283 cubic inches. total piston displacement of
10. (8010) The five events of a four-stroke cycle engine in the order of their occurrence are
intake, compression, ignition, power, exhaust.
provide for balance and eliminate vibration to the 11. (8011) The primary concern in establishing the firing order for an opposed engine is to
greatest extent possible.
just after top center at the beginning of the power 12. (8012) If fuel/air ratio is proper and ignition timing is correct, the combustion process
should be completed
stroke.
13. (8013) Grinding the valves of a reciprocating engine to a feather edge is likely to result in
preignition and burned valves.
14. (8014) Which statement is correct regarding engine crankshafts?
Moveable counterweights serve to reduce the
torsional vibrations in an aircraft reciprocating
engine.
15. (8015) On which strokes are both valves on a four-stroke cycle reciprocating aircraft engine
Exhaust and intake. open?
Plain. 16. (8016) Master rod bearings are generally what type?
brake horsepower. 17. (8017) The actual power delivered to the propeller of an aircraft engine is called
18. (8018) Cam-ground pistons are installed in some aircraft engines to
provide a better fit at operating temperatures.
19. (8019) Using the following information, determine how many degrees the crankshaft will
245°. rotate with both the intake and exhaust valves seated.
provide a straight cylinder bore at operating 20. (8020) Some aircraft engine manufacturers equip their product with choked or taper-ground
temperatures. cylinders in order to
21. (8021) An aircraft reciprocating engine using hydraulic valve lifters is observed to have no
clearance in its valve-operating mechanism after the minimum inlet oil and cylinder head
During normal operation. temperatures for takeoff have been reached. When can this condition be expected?
,Timing disk. 22. (8022) What tool is generally used to measure the crankshaft rotation in degrees?
23. (8023) If an engine with a stroke of 6 inches is operated at 2,000 RPM, the piston movement
at maximum velocity 90° after TDC. within the cylinder will be
24. (8024) If the intake valve is opened too early in the cycle of operation of a four-stroke cycle
backfiring into the induction system. engine, it may result in
nitriding. 25. (8025) Some cylinder barrels are hardened by
The intake valve closes on the compression 26. (8026) Which statement is correct regarding a four-stroke cycle aircraft engine?
stroke.
27. (8027) On which part of the cylinder walls of a normally operating engine will the greatest
Near the top of the cylinder. amount of wear occur?
28. (8028) During overhaul, reciprocating engine exhaust valves are checked for stretch
with a contour or radius gauge.
29. (8029) When is the fuel/air mixture ignited in a conventional reciprocating engine?
Shortly before the piston reaches the top of the
compression stroke.
30. (8030) Ignition occurs at 28° BTDC on a certain four-stroke cycle engine, and the intake
valve opens at 15° BTDC. How many degrees of crankshaft travel after ignition does the intake
373°. valve open? (Consider one cylinder only.)
To prevent valves from falling into the 31. (8031) What is the purpose of the safety circlet installed on some valve stems?
combustion chamber.
during which both valves are off their seats. 32. (8032) Valve overlap is defined as the number of degrees of crankshaft travel
33. (8033) The valve clearance of an engine using hydraulic lifters, when the lifters are
a specified amount above zero. completely flat, or empty, should not exceed
34. (8034) If the exhaust valve of a four-stroke cycle engine is closed and the intake valve is
compression stroke. just closed, the piston is on the
35. (8035) How many of the following are factors in establishing the maximum compression
Three. ratio limitations of an aircraft engine?
both the piston and the small end of the 36. (8036) Full-floating piston pins are those which allow motion between the pin and
connecting rod.
obtain the best volumetric efficiency and lower 37. (8037) The primary purpose in setting proper valve timing and overlap is to
cylinder operating temperatures.
38. (8038) If the hot clearance is used to set the valves when the engine is cold, what will occur
The valves will open late and close early. during operation of the engine?
eliminate valve spring surge. 39. (8039) The purpose of two or more valve springs in aircraft engines is to
40. (8040) During overhaul, the disassembled parts of an engine are usually degreased with
water-mixed degreaser residues may cause some form of mineral spirits solvent rather than water-mixed degreasers primarily because
engine oil contamination in the overhauled
engine.
41. (8041) Why does the smoothness of operation of an engine increase with a greater number
The power impulses are spaced closer together. of cylinders?
cylinder volume with piston at bottom dead 42. (8042) Compression ratio is the ratio between the
center and at top dead center.
43. (8043) If the crankshaft runout readings on the dial indicator are plus .002 inch and minus
.005 inch. .003 inch, the runout is
both No. 1 and No. 2 are true. 44. (8044) (1) Cast iron piston rings may be used in chrome-plated cylinders.
, 45. (8045) How is proper end-gap clearance on new piston rings assured during the overhaul of
By placing the rings in the cylinder and an engine?
measuring the end-gap with a feeler gauge.
46. (8046) The volume of a cylinder equals 70 cubic inches when the piston is at bottom center.
When the piston is at the top of the cylinder, the volume equals 10 cubic inches. What is the
7:1 compression ratio?
47. (8047) When cleaning aluminum and magnesium engine parts, it is inadvisable to soak them
some of the soap will become impregnated in the in solutions containing soap because
surface of the material and subsequently cause
engine oil contamination and foaming.
To determine satisfactory performance. 48. (8048) What is the purpose of a power check on a reciprocating engine?
49. (8049) What will be the likely result if the piston ring gaps happen to be aligned when
A worn or defective ring(s) indication. performing a differential-pressure compression check on a cylinder?
50. (8050) Which of the following will be caused by excessive valve clearance of a cylinder on
Reduced valve overlap period. a reciprocating aircraft engine?
51. (8051) The floating control thermostat, used on some reciprocating engine installations,
controlling air flow through the oil cooler. helps regulate oil temperature by
Lower than normal static RPM, full throttle 52. (8052) Which of the following would indicate a general weak-engine condition when
operated with a fixed-pitch propeller or test club?
operation.
53. (8053) What is required by 14 CFR Part 43 Appendix D when performing an annual/100-
Cylinder compression check. hour inspection on a reciprocating engine aircraft?
54. (8054) After spark plugs from an opposed engine have been serviced, in what position
Next in firing order to the one from which they should they be reinstalled?
were removed and swapped bottom to top.
55. (8055) As the pressure is applied during a reciprocating engine compression check using a
differential pressure tester, what would a movement of the propeller in the direction of engine
The piston was positioned past top dead center. rotation indicate?
late and closing early. 56. (8056) Excessive valve clearance results in the valves opening
57. (8057) During routine inspection of a reciprocating engine, a deposit of small, bright,
may be a result of abnormal plain type bearing metallic particles which do not cling to the magnetic drain plug is discovered in the oil sump
wear and is cause for further investigation. and on the surface of the oil filter. This condition
shock mounts point toward the engine's center of 58. (8058) A characteristic of dyna-focal engine mounts as applied to aircraft reciprocating
gravity. engines is that the
59. (8059) If metallic particles are found in the oil filter during an inspection,
the cause should be identified and corrected
before the aircraft is released for flight.
60. (8060) If the oil pressure gauge fluctuates over a wide range from zero to normal operating
low oil supply. pressure, the most likely cause is
Eliminate cam bearing clearance when making 61. (8061) What special procedure must be followed when adjusting the valves of an engine
valve adjustment. equipped with a floating cam ring?
The valves will not seat positively during start 62. (8062) Which of the following is most likely to occur if an overhead valve engine is
and engine warmup. operated with inadequate valve clearances?
63. (8063) Excessive valve clearances will cause the duration of valve opening to
decrease for both intake and exhaust valves.
64. (8064) What does valve overlap promote?
Better scavenging and cooling characteristics.
, 65. (8065) At what speed must a crankshaft turn if each cylinder of a four-stroke cycle engine is
400 RPM. to be fired 200 times a minute?
1 and 3. 66. (8066) Engine crankshaft runout is usually checked
67. (8067) Before attempting to start a radial engine that has been shut down for more than 30
turn the propeller by hand three to four minutes,
revolutions in the normal direction of rotation to
check for liquid lock.
68. (8068) An engine misses in both the right and left positions of the magneto switch. The
check for one or more cold cylinders. quickest method for locating the trouble is to
69. (8069) A hissing sound from the exhaust stacks when the propeller is being pulled through
exhaust valve blow-by. manually indicates
engine's lubrication system is probably operating 70. (8070) If the oil pressure of a cold engine is higher than at normal operating temperatures,
normally. the
71. (8071) If an engine operates with a low oil pressure and a high oil temperature, the problem
leaking oil dilution valve. may be caused by a
A mixture leaner than a manual lean mixture of 72. (8072) Which fuel/air mixture will result in the highest engine temperature (all other factors
.060. remaining constant)?
73. (8073) If an engine cylinder is to be removed, at what position in the cylinder should the
Top dead center. piston be?
74. (8074) The horsepower developed in the cylinders of a reciprocating engine is known as the
indicated horsepower.
run smoothly and give the desired performance at 75. (8075) Engine operating flexibility is the ability of the engine to
all speeds.
76. (8076) Standard aircraft cylinder oversizes usually range from 0.010 inch to 0.030 inch.
Oversize on automobile engine cylinders may range up to 0.100 inch. This is because aircraft
have relatively thin walls and may be nitrided. engine cylinders
77. (8077) If the ignition switch is moved from BOTH to either LEFT or RIGHT during an
slight drop in RPM. engine ground check, normal operation is usually indicated by a
78. (8078) During ground check an engine is found to be rough-running, the magneto drop is
normal, and the manifold pressure is higher than normal for any given RPM. The trouble may
a dead cylinder. be caused by
High oil consumption. 79. (8079) What is the best indication of worn valve guides?
80. (8080) By use of a differential pressure compression tester, it is determined that the No. 3
cylinder of a nine-cylinder radial engine will not hold pressure after the crankshaft has been
A normal indication. rotated 260° from top dead center compression stroke No. 1 cylinder. How can this indication
usually be interpreted?
At the end of the exhaust stroke and the 81. (8081) When does valve overlap occur in the operation of an aircraft reciprocating engine?
beginning of the intake stroke.
82. (8082) What is an advantage of using metallic-sodium filled exhaust valves in aircraft
Reduced valve operating temperatures. reciprocating engines?
83. (8083) Valve clearance changes on opposed-type engines using hydraulic lifters are
push rod replacement. accomplished by
84. (8084) What is likely to occur if a reciprocating engine is operated at high power settings
Oil starvation of bearings and other parts. before it is properly warmed up?
85. (8085) An increase in manifold pressure with a constant RPM will cause the bearing load in
increase. an engine to
