STRAIGHTERLINE INTRODUCTION TO
STATISTICS EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Four steps in the process of statistics - ANS 1. Producing Data
2. Exploratory Data Analysis
3. Probability
4. Inference
Categorical variable - ANS places individuals into one of several groups
Two types: nominal and ordinal
Quantitative Variable - ANS represents a measurement or a count
Two types: Interval and ratio
Nominal Variable - ANS categorical variables where there is no natural order among the
categories
Ordinal variable - ANS categorical variables where there is natural order among the
categories
Interval Variable - ANS a measurement or count for which it makes sense to talk about the
difference between values, but it does not make sense to talk about the ratio between values; 0
does not represent the absence of quanitity
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, Ratio Variable - ANS quantitative variables for which it makes sense to talk about the
difference between values AND the ratio between values; 0 represents the absence of quantity
What type of variable?:
eye color - ANS nominal
What type of variable?:
socioeconomic status with categories low, med, high - ANS Ordinal
What type of variable?:
Temperature - ANS Interval
What type of variable?:
Income - ANS Ratio
Visual display and numerical summary for a single categorical variable - ANS pie chart or bar
chart
and category percentages
Visual display and numerical summary for a single quantitative variable - ANS histogram or
stemplot
and descriptive statistics
Visual display and numerical summary for C->C - ANS Two way table and conditional
percentages
Visual display and numerical summary for C->Q - ANS Side by side box plots and descriptive
statistics
2
Page
@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
STATISTICS EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Four steps in the process of statistics - ANS 1. Producing Data
2. Exploratory Data Analysis
3. Probability
4. Inference
Categorical variable - ANS places individuals into one of several groups
Two types: nominal and ordinal
Quantitative Variable - ANS represents a measurement or a count
Two types: Interval and ratio
Nominal Variable - ANS categorical variables where there is no natural order among the
categories
Ordinal variable - ANS categorical variables where there is natural order among the
categories
Interval Variable - ANS a measurement or count for which it makes sense to talk about the
difference between values, but it does not make sense to talk about the ratio between values; 0
does not represent the absence of quanitity
1Page
@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
, Ratio Variable - ANS quantitative variables for which it makes sense to talk about the
difference between values AND the ratio between values; 0 represents the absence of quantity
What type of variable?:
eye color - ANS nominal
What type of variable?:
socioeconomic status with categories low, med, high - ANS Ordinal
What type of variable?:
Temperature - ANS Interval
What type of variable?:
Income - ANS Ratio
Visual display and numerical summary for a single categorical variable - ANS pie chart or bar
chart
and category percentages
Visual display and numerical summary for a single quantitative variable - ANS histogram or
stemplot
and descriptive statistics
Visual display and numerical summary for C->C - ANS Two way table and conditional
percentages
Visual display and numerical summary for C->Q - ANS Side by side box plots and descriptive
statistics
2
Page
@COPYRIGHT FYNDLAY 2025/2026
