APES Review 1 Earth Systems and Resources Exam
Questions with Answers
earth's interior - -solid crust, semi-solid mantle, liquid core, solid core
-lithosphere - -the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle
-tectonic plates - -Sections of the Earth's crust that move due to convection currents.
-oceanic plate - -This is a tectonic plate that is a thinner, denser and heavier type
-continental plate - -Thicker but lighter plate that makes up most continents
-plate boundaries - -the edges of tectonic plates.
-convergent - -a boundary where earth's tectonic plates move toward each other. This
causes a collision or subduction. This will result in the formation of volcanoes and
mountain ranges.
-divergent - -plates move apart
-transform - -Plates slide past each other
-subduction - -a geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced sideways
and downward into the mantle below another plate
-focus - -The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an
earthquake
-epicenter - -the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
-seismograph - -a measuring instrument for detecting and measuring the intensity and
direction and duration of movements of the ground (as an earthquake)
-richter scale - -a scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its
seismic waves
-tsunami - -a huge destructive wave (especially one caused by an earthquake)
-earth's tilt - -23.5°, the reason we have seasons
-albedo - -percent of solar radiation reflected by a surface, dark surfaces have low
-atmospheric nitrogen - -78%
, -atmospheric oxygen - -21%
-atmospheric carbon dioxide - -0.04%
-troposphere - -first layer of atmosphere. Contains weather, greenhouse gases (bad
ozone).
-stratosphere - -the layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer; temperature
increases as you go up
-mesosphere - -the layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the
thermosphere and in which temperature decreases as altitude increases
-thermosphere - -the outermost shell of the atmosphere, between the mesosphere and
outer space, where temperatures increase steadily with altitude.
-weather - -the meteorological conditions: temperature and wind and clouds and
precipitation
-climate - -the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time
-wind - -air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to
an area of low pressure
-convection current - -the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that
transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another
-dew point - -the temperature at which the water vapor in the air becomes saturated and
condensation begins
-hadley cells - -convection current in the atmosphere that cycles between the equator and
30° N and 30° S.
-trade winds - -prevailing winds that blow from east to west from 30 degrees latitude to
the equator in both hemispheres
-horse latitudes - -a relatively calm area located near both 30 degrees latitudes where cool
air sinks
-doldrums - -calm, windless part of the ocean near the equator
-jet stream - -a high-speed high-altitude airstream blowing from west to east near the top
of the troposphere
-monsoons - -seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons
Questions with Answers
earth's interior - -solid crust, semi-solid mantle, liquid core, solid core
-lithosphere - -the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle
-tectonic plates - -Sections of the Earth's crust that move due to convection currents.
-oceanic plate - -This is a tectonic plate that is a thinner, denser and heavier type
-continental plate - -Thicker but lighter plate that makes up most continents
-plate boundaries - -the edges of tectonic plates.
-convergent - -a boundary where earth's tectonic plates move toward each other. This
causes a collision or subduction. This will result in the formation of volcanoes and
mountain ranges.
-divergent - -plates move apart
-transform - -Plates slide past each other
-subduction - -a geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced sideways
and downward into the mantle below another plate
-focus - -The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an
earthquake
-epicenter - -the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
-seismograph - -a measuring instrument for detecting and measuring the intensity and
direction and duration of movements of the ground (as an earthquake)
-richter scale - -a scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its
seismic waves
-tsunami - -a huge destructive wave (especially one caused by an earthquake)
-earth's tilt - -23.5°, the reason we have seasons
-albedo - -percent of solar radiation reflected by a surface, dark surfaces have low
-atmospheric nitrogen - -78%
, -atmospheric oxygen - -21%
-atmospheric carbon dioxide - -0.04%
-troposphere - -first layer of atmosphere. Contains weather, greenhouse gases (bad
ozone).
-stratosphere - -the layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer; temperature
increases as you go up
-mesosphere - -the layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the
thermosphere and in which temperature decreases as altitude increases
-thermosphere - -the outermost shell of the atmosphere, between the mesosphere and
outer space, where temperatures increase steadily with altitude.
-weather - -the meteorological conditions: temperature and wind and clouds and
precipitation
-climate - -the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time
-wind - -air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to
an area of low pressure
-convection current - -the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that
transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another
-dew point - -the temperature at which the water vapor in the air becomes saturated and
condensation begins
-hadley cells - -convection current in the atmosphere that cycles between the equator and
30° N and 30° S.
-trade winds - -prevailing winds that blow from east to west from 30 degrees latitude to
the equator in both hemispheres
-horse latitudes - -a relatively calm area located near both 30 degrees latitudes where cool
air sinks
-doldrums - -calm, windless part of the ocean near the equator
-jet stream - -a high-speed high-altitude airstream blowing from west to east near the top
of the troposphere
-monsoons - -seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons
