Forensic Psychology Exam 2 Actual Questions And Correctly Well Defined Answers

Trial by Ordeal - correct answer a primitive method of determining a person's guilt or innocence by subjecting the accused person to dangerous or painful tests believed to be under divine control in vino veritas - correct answer in wine there is truth, alcohol disinhibits us real life lasso of truth - correct answer Pentothal and barbituate are used to depress inhibition, subduing ppl, they make ppl talk , didn't really work lying is ____ - correct answer adaptive By being adaptive - correct answer promotes survival Machiavellian Intelligence Hypothesis - correct answer human intelligence triggered by need for humans to develop essential social skills of manipulation, pretense and deception Lies of commission - correct answer saying something that is not true Planned lies - correct answer opposite of spontaneous instrumental lie - correct answer A child who lies to avoid getting in trouble told a(n)... lies of omission - correct answer leaving out crucial details that might reveal the truth can memories be wrong - correct answer yes, we might not pay attention to whole thing what is easier than telling the truth - correct answer lying can police discern between lie and truth - correct answer yes, but not by much (54%) true or false: when lies are rehearsed, it is harder to tell a lie - correct answer TRUE is there a dead giveaway that someone is lying - correct answer NO college students vs police officers - correct answer college students were better at discerning truth, but police were more confident, police showed bias in false confessions as true are behavioral cues the best at detecting lies - correct answer NO 70% of respondents believe that when people lie they... - correct answer avert gaze and squirm does training improve ability to detect lies - correct answer NO, it makes them more confident about judgement confirmation bias - correct answer a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore contradictory evidence faulty cues + confirmation bias = - correct answer pressure, and some will falsely confess the polygraph - correct answer a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes). very accurate in physiological measurements parts of the polygraph - correct answer blood pressure cuff, pneumatic tube across chest, electrodes on one finger William M. Marston - correct answer- created the first official lie detector in 1917. - Worked by measuring potential increases in systolic blood pressure - CREATED WONDER WOMAN who used truth lasso had theory that lying causes physiological arousal , invented BP test, John Larson - correct answer cop who had phd in psych, created cards pneumo psychodrama, continuous reading of BP with pulse, respiration and sweat, created the polygraph, established yes or no questions Cesare Lombroso - correct answer glove to measure BP during interrogation Hugo Munsterberg - correct answer used variety of instruments to record analyze feelings in LAW were there training schools for the polygraph - correct answer yes Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 - correct answer prohibits the use of lie detectors in screening all job applicants BUT public employers are exempt but there was a resurgence in 9/11, 2.5 mil tests a year Police, CIA, FBI, NSA, DEA still use what - correct answer the polygraph test science vs practionior of faith - correct answer science interested in evaluation of validity Practitioners are confident in validity polygraphs are used with questioning procedures - correct answer YAH Comparison Question Test (CQT) AKA as - correct answer aka control question test, it requires well calibrated questions comparison question - correct answer known as lie questions, not related to crime but uncomfortable questions, broad questions, so anyone answering no is a liar what are reactions from comparison questions compared to - correct answer actual reactions when q? about crimes In the comparison test, innocent people - correct answer respond stronger to comparison questions In the comparison test, guilty people - correct answer respond stronger to crime questions who must persuade the suspect of the strength of the detector of lies - correct answer The examiner what is the test rated on - correct answer-3 to 3 if a suspect responds to crime questions stronger than comparison q, what type of # is assigned - correct answer negative (lies) if a suspect responds to crime questions weaker than comparison q, what type of # is assigned - correct answer positive (truth) what if there are no differences in responses from comparison to crime q - correct answer neutral so 0 what is -1 or +1 - correct answer a just noticeable difference what is -2 or +2 - correct answer a strong difference what is -3 or +3 - correct answer a dramatic difference what total score of -6 means or lower - correct answer being deceptive tricky part with CQT examiners - correct answer must ask q that elicit strong response from comparison q than compared to guilty ppl having a weaker one positive comparison test (PCT) - correct answer the relevant question is used as its own comparison question—that is, the relevant question is asked twice, and the suspect is instructed to tell the truth once and to tell a lie once, allowing for direct comparison of responses to the same question. weaknesses of process of test - correct answer ppl are really controlled, or non reactive, little physiological change, innocent ppl might react strongly to a crime q, ppl might not believe in validity lack of standardization - correct answer different q, demeanor of examiner, appearance of examiner can induce anxiety of suspect Use of Countermeasures - correct answer self stimulation vs self claiming starts can have big effect ( cause pain to spike measure for controlled measures) bellies about validity can affect results - correct answer how nervous a guilty or innocent person is differential reaction of person being tested - correct answer guilty but stoic, innocent but reactive if you truly believe something, you can pass a polygraph even if it is a misperception - correct answer TRUE what percent of sex criminals maintained innocence and passed polygraph - correct answer50% requires deception - correct answer convincing the interviewee that the test works how can suspects fool polygraph - correct answer through self stimulation, elevate during comparison, suppress during crime q what are some weaknesses of the polygraph test - correct answer differential reaction of being tested, beliefs about validity can affect results, requires deception, lack of standardization, use of countermeasures the technique for opposing the test, reduced guilty suspects by - correct answer50% Empirical study about test accuracy of polygraph fall into what categories - correct answer lab study and field study LAB Study - correct answer mock crimes, ppl randomly assigned guilty or innocent, guilty ppl preassigned to commit crime, all ppl told to deny, both innocent and guilty submit to test, low consequence for lying, no subject experience, lies are simple so accuracy rates are inflated what is advantage of lab study - correct answer we know for truth who is telling truth, and we can tell if examiners were right in their judgment FIELD study - correct answer involve testing of ppl who are actual suspects in crimes, we can't tell who is lying, there can be misclassification, error is built into judgement, failing it is serious advantage of field study - correct answer realism what is the accuracy on the polygraph - correct answer64-87%, not clear, correctly id guilty as so, and innocent as truthful false positive error - correct answer innocent person is misclassified as guilty after telling truth true positive - correct answer a guilty person is correctly classified as guilty after lying false negative - correct answer a guilty person is misclassified as innocent after lying true negative - correct answer an innocent person is correctly classified as innocent after telling the truth.