Moehnke Genetics Exam 3 (ch 14-18) Questions With
Complete Solutions
# of amino acids Correct Answers 20
2 requirements for maximum transcription of the lac operon
Correct Answers low glucose, high lactose
2 ways histones can be modified Correct Answers methylation
& acetylation of histones
3 factors that influence mutation rates Correct Answers 1.
frequency that DNA changes occur
2. probability that a mutation will be repaired
3. probability that a mutation will be deleted
3 main steps in pre-mRNA processing in eukaryotic nucleus
Correct Answers 1. addition of the 5' cap
2. 3' cleavage & addition of the poly(A) tail
3. RNA splicing
3 steps in translation Correct Answers 1. initiation
2. elongation
3. termination
5' Cap (pre-mRNA processing) Correct Answers Guanine
nucleotide added backwards to assist with binding of ribosome
to mRNA for translation
6 levels of gene regulation Correct Answers 1. alteration of
DNA structure (eukaryotes)
,2. transcription
3. mRNA processing (eukaryotes)
4. RNA stabilizing regulation
5. translation
6. post-translational modifications
Acetylation of histones Correct Answers destabilizes the
histone allowing transcription to take place
action of CRISPR RNAs Correct Answers acquisition,
expression, interference
alternative splicing Correct Answers pre-mRNA can be
spliced in multiple ways producing different mRNAs
anticipation Correct Answers increase of nucleotide repeats
increases the ability of a mutation (disease) to expand and
become more sever & onset earlier as it is passed down
anticodons (tRNA) runs in which direction Correct Answers 5'
to 3'
antisense RNA Correct Answers complementary DNA that
binds to the 5' UTR & blocks polymerase from binding
attenuation Correct Answers transcription is stoped
prematurely before structural genes are transcribed (hairpin loop
forms with high levels of tryptophan & transcription stops)
base analogs Correct Answers -have similar structure to
dNTPs
, -5-bromouracil can pair with A or G causing mispairing
base substitution Correct Answers alteration of a single
nucleotide in the DNA
chromatin remodeling Correct Answers chromatin remodeling
complex binds to DNA & repositions nucleosome allowing
transcription factors & RNA polymerase to bind
chromosome mutation Correct Answers large-scale mutation
affecting entire chromosome
codon Correct Answers 3 nucleotides coding for an amino acid
components of snRNP & the 5 types Correct Answers 1
snRNA + proteins
-U1, U2, U4, U5, U6
conditional mutation Correct Answers mutant phenotype only
expressed under certain (restrictive) conditions
CpG islands Correct Answers DNA regions with many CpG
sequences found near the start of the transcription start
-associated with long term repression of transcription
CRISPR (crRNA) Correct Answers RNA interference
palindromic sequences in prokaryotes defending against DNA
from bacteriophages & plasmids)
Complete Solutions
# of amino acids Correct Answers 20
2 requirements for maximum transcription of the lac operon
Correct Answers low glucose, high lactose
2 ways histones can be modified Correct Answers methylation
& acetylation of histones
3 factors that influence mutation rates Correct Answers 1.
frequency that DNA changes occur
2. probability that a mutation will be repaired
3. probability that a mutation will be deleted
3 main steps in pre-mRNA processing in eukaryotic nucleus
Correct Answers 1. addition of the 5' cap
2. 3' cleavage & addition of the poly(A) tail
3. RNA splicing
3 steps in translation Correct Answers 1. initiation
2. elongation
3. termination
5' Cap (pre-mRNA processing) Correct Answers Guanine
nucleotide added backwards to assist with binding of ribosome
to mRNA for translation
6 levels of gene regulation Correct Answers 1. alteration of
DNA structure (eukaryotes)
,2. transcription
3. mRNA processing (eukaryotes)
4. RNA stabilizing regulation
5. translation
6. post-translational modifications
Acetylation of histones Correct Answers destabilizes the
histone allowing transcription to take place
action of CRISPR RNAs Correct Answers acquisition,
expression, interference
alternative splicing Correct Answers pre-mRNA can be
spliced in multiple ways producing different mRNAs
anticipation Correct Answers increase of nucleotide repeats
increases the ability of a mutation (disease) to expand and
become more sever & onset earlier as it is passed down
anticodons (tRNA) runs in which direction Correct Answers 5'
to 3'
antisense RNA Correct Answers complementary DNA that
binds to the 5' UTR & blocks polymerase from binding
attenuation Correct Answers transcription is stoped
prematurely before structural genes are transcribed (hairpin loop
forms with high levels of tryptophan & transcription stops)
base analogs Correct Answers -have similar structure to
dNTPs
, -5-bromouracil can pair with A or G causing mispairing
base substitution Correct Answers alteration of a single
nucleotide in the DNA
chromatin remodeling Correct Answers chromatin remodeling
complex binds to DNA & repositions nucleosome allowing
transcription factors & RNA polymerase to bind
chromosome mutation Correct Answers large-scale mutation
affecting entire chromosome
codon Correct Answers 3 nucleotides coding for an amino acid
components of snRNP & the 5 types Correct Answers 1
snRNA + proteins
-U1, U2, U4, U5, U6
conditional mutation Correct Answers mutant phenotype only
expressed under certain (restrictive) conditions
CpG islands Correct Answers DNA regions with many CpG
sequences found near the start of the transcription start
-associated with long term repression of transcription
CRISPR (crRNA) Correct Answers RNA interference
palindromic sequences in prokaryotes defending against DNA
from bacteriophages & plasmids)
