Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry,
7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
1. Nucleoid - ANSWER: The region in a bacterial cell where the DNA is located,
not enclosed by a membrane.
2. Eukaryotes - ANSWER: Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus
enclosed by a nuclear envelope.
3. Nuclear envelope - ANSWER: The double membrane structure that encloses
the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
4. Cell dimensions - ANSWER: Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in
the range of 0.1 μm to 100 μm.
5. Archaea - ANSWER: A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing
in extreme environments.
6. Chemoheterotroph - ANSWER: An organism that requires organic molecules
for growth and energy.
7. Organelles - ANSWER: Specialized subunits within a cell, such as
mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes.
8. Noncovalent interaction - ANSWER: Interactions like hydrogen bonds,
hydrophobic interactions, ionic interactions, and van der Waals interactions that
maintain macromolecular structure.
9. Carbon - ANSWER: One of the four most abundant elements in living
organisms.
10. Tetrahedral - ANSWER: The geometry formed by the four covalent bonds
around carbon in methane (CH4).
11. Proteome - ANSWER: The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell.
12. Chemoautotrophs - ANSWER: Organisms that use inorganic compounds as
energy sources and CO2 as a carbon source.
13. Stereospecificity - ANSWER: The property of a reaction or process to produce
a specific stereoisomer.
14. Dynamic steady state - ANSWER: A state in which a system is in a constant
state of change but maintains a stable overall condition.
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry,
7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
15. Exothermic - ANSWER: A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
16. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ANSWER: The major carrier of chemical
energy in all cells.
17. Enzymes - ANSWER: Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction
by decreasing the activation energy.
18. Anabolic - ANSWER: Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex
molecules from simpler precursors.
19. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ANSWER: The molecule that carries hereditary
information in cells.
20. Three-dimensional structure - ANSWER: The primary determinant of a
protein's function, formed by the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
21. Oparin's theory - ANSWER: A theory for the origin of life suggesting that the
prebiotic atmosphere contained methane, ammonia, and water.
22. Homologues - ANSWER: Genes or gene products that share detectable
sequence similarity and usually have the same function.
23. Living organisms - ANSWER: Described as an open system, maintaining a
more-or-less constant composition, in equilibrium with their surroundings,
existing in a dynamic steady-state, and having efficient mechanisms to convert
chemical energy from one form into another.
24. Plasma membrane - ANSWER: A physical barrier separating the inside of the
cell from its surroundings, composed of lipid and protein molecules.
25. Prokaryotes - ANSWER: Organisms lacking a true nucleus, such as bacteria.
26. Facultative anaerobe - ANSWER: An organism that does not require oxygen to
live but will not die if exposed to oxygen.
27. Energy sources - ANSWER: Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as a carbon
source, and chemotrophs can use carbon dioxide as an energy source.
7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
1. Nucleoid - ANSWER: The region in a bacterial cell where the DNA is located,
not enclosed by a membrane.
2. Eukaryotes - ANSWER: Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus
enclosed by a nuclear envelope.
3. Nuclear envelope - ANSWER: The double membrane structure that encloses
the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
4. Cell dimensions - ANSWER: Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in
the range of 0.1 μm to 100 μm.
5. Archaea - ANSWER: A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing
in extreme environments.
6. Chemoheterotroph - ANSWER: An organism that requires organic molecules
for growth and energy.
7. Organelles - ANSWER: Specialized subunits within a cell, such as
mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes.
8. Noncovalent interaction - ANSWER: Interactions like hydrogen bonds,
hydrophobic interactions, ionic interactions, and van der Waals interactions that
maintain macromolecular structure.
9. Carbon - ANSWER: One of the four most abundant elements in living
organisms.
10. Tetrahedral - ANSWER: The geometry formed by the four covalent bonds
around carbon in methane (CH4).
11. Proteome - ANSWER: The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell.
12. Chemoautotrophs - ANSWER: Organisms that use inorganic compounds as
energy sources and CO2 as a carbon source.
13. Stereospecificity - ANSWER: The property of a reaction or process to produce
a specific stereoisomer.
14. Dynamic steady state - ANSWER: A state in which a system is in a constant
state of change but maintains a stable overall condition.
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry,
7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
15. Exothermic - ANSWER: A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
16. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ANSWER: The major carrier of chemical
energy in all cells.
17. Enzymes - ANSWER: Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction
by decreasing the activation energy.
18. Anabolic - ANSWER: Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex
molecules from simpler precursors.
19. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ANSWER: The molecule that carries hereditary
information in cells.
20. Three-dimensional structure - ANSWER: The primary determinant of a
protein's function, formed by the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
21. Oparin's theory - ANSWER: A theory for the origin of life suggesting that the
prebiotic atmosphere contained methane, ammonia, and water.
22. Homologues - ANSWER: Genes or gene products that share detectable
sequence similarity and usually have the same function.
23. Living organisms - ANSWER: Described as an open system, maintaining a
more-or-less constant composition, in equilibrium with their surroundings,
existing in a dynamic steady-state, and having efficient mechanisms to convert
chemical energy from one form into another.
24. Plasma membrane - ANSWER: A physical barrier separating the inside of the
cell from its surroundings, composed of lipid and protein molecules.
25. Prokaryotes - ANSWER: Organisms lacking a true nucleus, such as bacteria.
26. Facultative anaerobe - ANSWER: An organism that does not require oxygen to
live but will not die if exposed to oxygen.
27. Energy sources - ANSWER: Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as a carbon
source, and chemotrophs can use carbon dioxide as an energy source.
