2024 Applied Pathophysiology 4th
Ed. Test Bank | Judi Nath Ultimate
Study Guide with Full Chapter
Coverage & Certified Solutions
Contents
1 Introduction to Pathophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Altered Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Inflammation and Tissue Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 Altered Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6 Genetic and Developmental Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7 Altered Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8 Altered Fluid and Electrolyte Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9 Altered Acid-Base Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10 Altered Neural Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
11 Altered Mood, Attention, and Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
12 Altered Somatic and Special Sensory Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
13 Altered Hormonal and Metabolic Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
14 Altered Reproductive Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
15 Altered Ventilation and Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
16 Altered Perfusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
17 Altered Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
18 Altered Elimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
19 Degenerative Changes in Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
20 Integrated Pathophysiologic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1
,1 Introduction to Pathophysiology
Q1: What is the nucleus essential for in a cell?
A1: It holds the genetic code.
Q2: Why are mitochondria called the power plants of the cell?
A2: They pull energy from food compounds.
Q3: What mainly carries out specific functions of the cell plasma membrane?
A3: Proteins attached to the membrane.
Q4: The study of changes in body function due to disease is called what?
A4: Pathophysiology.
Q5: Keeping a stable internal body environment is known as what?
A5: Homeostasis.
Q6: A disease with no known cause is called what?
A6: Idiopathic.
Q7: Factors that raise risk for a disease but do not guarantee it are called what?
A7: Predisposing factors.
Q8: Preventing a disease relates to its cause and risk factors in what way?
A8: Both help guide prevention steps.
Q9: A disease that starts mild but lasts long and causes lasting damage is what type?
A9: Chronic.
Q10: Unwanted outcomes from a main disease, like paralysis after a stroke, are called
what?
A10: Sequelae.
Q11: New growth, often called a tumor, is known as what?
A11: Neoplasm.
Q12: Undifferentiated cells with varying structures, used to grade tumors, refer to what?
A12: Anaplasia.
Q13: Dead tissue from lack of oxygen, possibly losing organ function, is called what?
A13: Infarction.
Q14: Death of a group of cells from any cause is termed what?
A14: Necrosis.
Q15: A trigger for a sudden episode of a disease is called what?
A15: Precipitating factor.
Q16: Time between exposure to a germ and first symptoms is the what period?
A16: Incubation.
Q17: Number of new disease cases in a population over time shows what?
A17: Incidence.
Q18: Low oxygen in tissue is called what?
A18: Hypoxia.
2
,Q19: What is the main goal of studying pathophysiology?
A19: To understand how diseases change body functions.
Q20: How does homeostasis help the body during illness?
A20: It tries to keep balance despite changes.
Q21: What role do signs play in diagnosing a disease?
A21: They are measurable changes seen by others.
Q22: Symptoms are different from signs because they are what?
A22: Felt by the patient but not always seen.
Q23: What does prevalence mean in disease tracking?
A23: Total cases in a population at one time.
Q24: Acute diseases differ from chronic by being what?
A24: Short and sudden.
Q25: What is etiology in simple terms?
A25: The cause of a disease.
Q26: Why is epidemiology useful?
A26: It studies how diseases spread in groups.
Q27: What is a syndrome?
A27: A group of symptoms from one cause.
Q28: Remission means what in disease?
A28: Symptoms lessen or go away temporarily.
Q29: Exacerbation is when symptoms do what?
A29: Get worse suddenly.
Q30: What is iatrogenic disease?
A30: Caused by medical treatment.
2 Altered Cells and Tissues
Q1: How do bacteria and viruses uniquely damage cells?
A1: By copying themselves and causing ongoing harm.
Q2: How do free radicals damage cells in low oxygen injury?
A2: By breaking down cell membrane parts.
Q3: What causes poor flow through the cell membrane in hurt cells?
A3: Changed permeability.
Q4: What starts reversible changes inside cells?
A4: Too much stimulus.
Q5: A certain disease is in 1 of every 10 people, and 1,000 new cases yearly in 4,500,000
population. What is correct?
A5: Prevalence is 10%, incidence is 0.02%.
3
, Q6: Etiology refers to what in disease?
A6: Cause.
Q7: What is true about symptoms?
A7: Not objective or the same as signs.
Q8: In 1992, 900 AIDS cases at start, 250 new, 75 deaths in 1,000,000 population.
Incidence rate per 100,000 at end?
A8: 25.
Q9: Blood pressure screening for pregnant high school students is what prevention level?
A9: Secondary.
Q10: Blockage in right coronary artery leads to heart cell injury how?
A10: Less energy production in cells.
Q11: If Na-K pump fails in hurt heart cells, what happens?
A11: Sodium builds up inside.
Q12: High CPK-MB and LDH1 after heart attack means what?
A12: Dead heart cells released contents into blood.
Q13: What shows irreversible cell injury in tissue sample?
A13: Nuclear material breaks down.
Q14: Lactic acid buildup from poor energy comes from what?
A14: More anaerobic metabolism.
Q15: Stranded climber at high altitude has low ATP from what?
A15: Low oxygen.
Q16: Obstruction in brain artery causes hypoxia why?
A16: Less blood flow.
Q17: Starvation leads to fat in liver how?
A17: More free fatty acids mobilized.
Q18: Generalized low oxygen switches to anaerobic metabolism, causing what?
A18: Lower blood pH.
Q19: Disease destroying red blood cells can cause what?
A19: Low oxygen.
Q20: What is atrophy?
A20: Cells shrink from less use.
Q21: Hypertrophy means cells do what?
A21: Grow larger.
Q22: Hyperplasia is increase in what?
A22: Number of cells.
Q23: Metaplasia is when cells change to what?
A23: Different type.
Q24: Dysplasia means cells are what?
A24: Abnormal in size or shape.
4
Ed. Test Bank | Judi Nath Ultimate
Study Guide with Full Chapter
Coverage & Certified Solutions
Contents
1 Introduction to Pathophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Altered Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Inflammation and Tissue Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 Altered Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6 Genetic and Developmental Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7 Altered Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8 Altered Fluid and Electrolyte Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9 Altered Acid-Base Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10 Altered Neural Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
11 Altered Mood, Attention, and Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
12 Altered Somatic and Special Sensory Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
13 Altered Hormonal and Metabolic Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
14 Altered Reproductive Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
15 Altered Ventilation and Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
16 Altered Perfusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
17 Altered Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
18 Altered Elimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
19 Degenerative Changes in Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
20 Integrated Pathophysiologic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1
,1 Introduction to Pathophysiology
Q1: What is the nucleus essential for in a cell?
A1: It holds the genetic code.
Q2: Why are mitochondria called the power plants of the cell?
A2: They pull energy from food compounds.
Q3: What mainly carries out specific functions of the cell plasma membrane?
A3: Proteins attached to the membrane.
Q4: The study of changes in body function due to disease is called what?
A4: Pathophysiology.
Q5: Keeping a stable internal body environment is known as what?
A5: Homeostasis.
Q6: A disease with no known cause is called what?
A6: Idiopathic.
Q7: Factors that raise risk for a disease but do not guarantee it are called what?
A7: Predisposing factors.
Q8: Preventing a disease relates to its cause and risk factors in what way?
A8: Both help guide prevention steps.
Q9: A disease that starts mild but lasts long and causes lasting damage is what type?
A9: Chronic.
Q10: Unwanted outcomes from a main disease, like paralysis after a stroke, are called
what?
A10: Sequelae.
Q11: New growth, often called a tumor, is known as what?
A11: Neoplasm.
Q12: Undifferentiated cells with varying structures, used to grade tumors, refer to what?
A12: Anaplasia.
Q13: Dead tissue from lack of oxygen, possibly losing organ function, is called what?
A13: Infarction.
Q14: Death of a group of cells from any cause is termed what?
A14: Necrosis.
Q15: A trigger for a sudden episode of a disease is called what?
A15: Precipitating factor.
Q16: Time between exposure to a germ and first symptoms is the what period?
A16: Incubation.
Q17: Number of new disease cases in a population over time shows what?
A17: Incidence.
Q18: Low oxygen in tissue is called what?
A18: Hypoxia.
2
,Q19: What is the main goal of studying pathophysiology?
A19: To understand how diseases change body functions.
Q20: How does homeostasis help the body during illness?
A20: It tries to keep balance despite changes.
Q21: What role do signs play in diagnosing a disease?
A21: They are measurable changes seen by others.
Q22: Symptoms are different from signs because they are what?
A22: Felt by the patient but not always seen.
Q23: What does prevalence mean in disease tracking?
A23: Total cases in a population at one time.
Q24: Acute diseases differ from chronic by being what?
A24: Short and sudden.
Q25: What is etiology in simple terms?
A25: The cause of a disease.
Q26: Why is epidemiology useful?
A26: It studies how diseases spread in groups.
Q27: What is a syndrome?
A27: A group of symptoms from one cause.
Q28: Remission means what in disease?
A28: Symptoms lessen or go away temporarily.
Q29: Exacerbation is when symptoms do what?
A29: Get worse suddenly.
Q30: What is iatrogenic disease?
A30: Caused by medical treatment.
2 Altered Cells and Tissues
Q1: How do bacteria and viruses uniquely damage cells?
A1: By copying themselves and causing ongoing harm.
Q2: How do free radicals damage cells in low oxygen injury?
A2: By breaking down cell membrane parts.
Q3: What causes poor flow through the cell membrane in hurt cells?
A3: Changed permeability.
Q4: What starts reversible changes inside cells?
A4: Too much stimulus.
Q5: A certain disease is in 1 of every 10 people, and 1,000 new cases yearly in 4,500,000
population. What is correct?
A5: Prevalence is 10%, incidence is 0.02%.
3
, Q6: Etiology refers to what in disease?
A6: Cause.
Q7: What is true about symptoms?
A7: Not objective or the same as signs.
Q8: In 1992, 900 AIDS cases at start, 250 new, 75 deaths in 1,000,000 population.
Incidence rate per 100,000 at end?
A8: 25.
Q9: Blood pressure screening for pregnant high school students is what prevention level?
A9: Secondary.
Q10: Blockage in right coronary artery leads to heart cell injury how?
A10: Less energy production in cells.
Q11: If Na-K pump fails in hurt heart cells, what happens?
A11: Sodium builds up inside.
Q12: High CPK-MB and LDH1 after heart attack means what?
A12: Dead heart cells released contents into blood.
Q13: What shows irreversible cell injury in tissue sample?
A13: Nuclear material breaks down.
Q14: Lactic acid buildup from poor energy comes from what?
A14: More anaerobic metabolism.
Q15: Stranded climber at high altitude has low ATP from what?
A15: Low oxygen.
Q16: Obstruction in brain artery causes hypoxia why?
A16: Less blood flow.
Q17: Starvation leads to fat in liver how?
A17: More free fatty acids mobilized.
Q18: Generalized low oxygen switches to anaerobic metabolism, causing what?
A18: Lower blood pH.
Q19: Disease destroying red blood cells can cause what?
A19: Low oxygen.
Q20: What is atrophy?
A20: Cells shrink from less use.
Q21: Hypertrophy means cells do what?
A21: Grow larger.
Q22: Hyperplasia is increase in what?
A22: Number of cells.
Q23: Metaplasia is when cells change to what?
A23: Different type.
Q24: Dysplasia means cells are what?
A24: Abnormal in size or shape.
4
