BIO 116 Exam Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Which of the following lists some of the levels of biological organization from less complex to
more complex? - CORRECT ANSWER -atoms, molecules, cells, organs
What are isotopes? - CORRECT ANSWER -two atoms of an element that have same
number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
What are valence electrons and why are they important? - CORRECT ANSWER -Valence
electrons are the electrons in the outermost orbital of an atom that can participate in bonding
What are covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER -electrons shared between atoms
What are ionic bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER -electrons transferred between oppositely
charged atoms
What are hydrogen bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER -hydrogen atom covalently bonded to
a very electronegative atom is attracted to another electronegative atom
Van der Waals interactions - CORRECT ANSWER -attractions between partial positive
and partial negative charges in close together molecules due to dispersion forces
Rank hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, Van der waals interactions, and covalent bonds from
strongest to weakest within a cell - CORRECT ANSWER -covalent bonds > ionic bonds >
hydrogen bonds > van der waals interactions
Describe how cohesion and adhesion make a tree grow tall - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cohesion is water molecules H bonding to each other, which pulls water molecules up through
,the tree. Adhesion is water molecules hydrogen bonding to other substances, like the xylem of
the tree. Together, these forces overcome gravity.
Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats - CORRECT ANSWER -
Unsaturated fatty acids have a kink (double bond) on their tail that promotes fluidity. Saturated
fatty acids do not have this bond so they tightly pac
What kind of lipid is responsible for controlling gene activity? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Steroids: contain a carbon skeleton of 4 fused rings
What composes a triglyceride/triacylglycerol? - CORRECT ANSWER -An ester derived
from glycerol and three fatty acids
What is the difference between dehydration and hydrolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Dehydration is synthesizing a polymer- you remove H2O and form a new bond. Hydrolysis is
breaking down a polymer- you add H2O and break a bond.
A __________________ is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides This
covalent bond is called a _________________. - CORRECT ANSWER -disaccharide ,
glycosidic linkage.
Carbohydrates can serve as ______ and _______material. - CORRECT ANSWER -fuel
and building material.
Chromatin is made up of what? - CORRECT ANSWER -DNA and proteins
Chromatin is only coiled tightly into chromosomes during DNA replication - CORRECT
ANSWER -True
The nucleus has an inner and outer membrane with nuclear pores transcribed mRNA can leave
through - CORRECT ANSWER -True
, Rough ER functions - CORRECT ANSWER -Membrane factory for the cell, Distributes
transport vesicles (secretory proteins surrounded by membranes), Secrete glycoproteins from
ribosomes
Smooth ER functions - CORRECT ANSWER -Synthesize lipids, Store calcium ions,
Metabolize carbohydrates, Detoxify drugs and poisons
Golgi apparatus is in charge of - CORRECT ANSWER -shipping and receiving
The Golgi apparatus modifies products from the - CORRECT ANSWER -endoplasmic
reticulum.
The Golgi apparatus manufactures certain - CORRECT ANSWER -macromolecules
The Golgi apparatus sorts and packages materials into - CORRECT ANSWER -transport
vesicles
Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that uses _________ to
generate ATP. - CORRECT ANSWER -Oxygen
Thylakoids are the site of ____________ in plants and algae. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Photosynthesis
Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have _________ membranes. - CORRECT
ANSWER -Double
Animal cells and ___________ cells have mitochondria. - CORRECT ANSWER -Plant
cells
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Which of the following lists some of the levels of biological organization from less complex to
more complex? - CORRECT ANSWER -atoms, molecules, cells, organs
What are isotopes? - CORRECT ANSWER -two atoms of an element that have same
number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
What are valence electrons and why are they important? - CORRECT ANSWER -Valence
electrons are the electrons in the outermost orbital of an atom that can participate in bonding
What are covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER -electrons shared between atoms
What are ionic bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER -electrons transferred between oppositely
charged atoms
What are hydrogen bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER -hydrogen atom covalently bonded to
a very electronegative atom is attracted to another electronegative atom
Van der Waals interactions - CORRECT ANSWER -attractions between partial positive
and partial negative charges in close together molecules due to dispersion forces
Rank hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, Van der waals interactions, and covalent bonds from
strongest to weakest within a cell - CORRECT ANSWER -covalent bonds > ionic bonds >
hydrogen bonds > van der waals interactions
Describe how cohesion and adhesion make a tree grow tall - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cohesion is water molecules H bonding to each other, which pulls water molecules up through
,the tree. Adhesion is water molecules hydrogen bonding to other substances, like the xylem of
the tree. Together, these forces overcome gravity.
Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats - CORRECT ANSWER -
Unsaturated fatty acids have a kink (double bond) on their tail that promotes fluidity. Saturated
fatty acids do not have this bond so they tightly pac
What kind of lipid is responsible for controlling gene activity? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Steroids: contain a carbon skeleton of 4 fused rings
What composes a triglyceride/triacylglycerol? - CORRECT ANSWER -An ester derived
from glycerol and three fatty acids
What is the difference between dehydration and hydrolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Dehydration is synthesizing a polymer- you remove H2O and form a new bond. Hydrolysis is
breaking down a polymer- you add H2O and break a bond.
A __________________ is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides This
covalent bond is called a _________________. - CORRECT ANSWER -disaccharide ,
glycosidic linkage.
Carbohydrates can serve as ______ and _______material. - CORRECT ANSWER -fuel
and building material.
Chromatin is made up of what? - CORRECT ANSWER -DNA and proteins
Chromatin is only coiled tightly into chromosomes during DNA replication - CORRECT
ANSWER -True
The nucleus has an inner and outer membrane with nuclear pores transcribed mRNA can leave
through - CORRECT ANSWER -True
, Rough ER functions - CORRECT ANSWER -Membrane factory for the cell, Distributes
transport vesicles (secretory proteins surrounded by membranes), Secrete glycoproteins from
ribosomes
Smooth ER functions - CORRECT ANSWER -Synthesize lipids, Store calcium ions,
Metabolize carbohydrates, Detoxify drugs and poisons
Golgi apparatus is in charge of - CORRECT ANSWER -shipping and receiving
The Golgi apparatus modifies products from the - CORRECT ANSWER -endoplasmic
reticulum.
The Golgi apparatus manufactures certain - CORRECT ANSWER -macromolecules
The Golgi apparatus sorts and packages materials into - CORRECT ANSWER -transport
vesicles
Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that uses _________ to
generate ATP. - CORRECT ANSWER -Oxygen
Thylakoids are the site of ____________ in plants and algae. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Photosynthesis
Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have _________ membranes. - CORRECT
ANSWER -Double
Animal cells and ___________ cells have mitochondria. - CORRECT ANSWER -Plant
cells
