NUR 3145 Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Intravenous Lasix should be administered slowly over ___ minutes - CORRECT
ANSWER 1-2
which type of diuretics can be given to counteract the potassium lowering effects of loop
diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER aldosterone blockers (potassium sparing) such as
spironolactone
describe the MOA of thiazide diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER block reabsorption of
sodium and chloride in the distal convulated tubule
describe the MOA of spironolactone - CORRECT ANSWER blocks aldosterone in distal
nephron, potassium is retained, sodium is excreted
describe the MOA of furosemide (Lasix) - CORRECT ANSWER blocks reabsorption of
sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of henle
why are ace inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics problematic - CORRECT
ANSWER both can lead to hyperkalemia
what is the major indication for using a potassium-sparing diuretic such as spironolactone
(aldactone) - CORRECT ANSWER common use- to counteract loss of potassium when
loop or thiazide diuretic used
what are the clinical manifestations of electrolyte imbalance - CORRECT
ANSWER confusion, muscle twitching, weakness, irregular pulse, and nausea
when the baroreceptor reflex is activated in response to low blood pressure, the arterioles ___
and the heart rate ____ - CORRECT ANSWER constrict, increases
,list the causes of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER decreased intake, diuretics,
excessive sweating, increased insulin, alkalosis
list the adverse effects of furosemide (lasix) - CORRECT ANSWER decreases electrolytes
sodium, chloride,potassiu, hypotension, dehydration
when is the best time to take a diuretic - CORRECT ANSWER early morning
which antibiotic, when combined with furosemide (lasix), can potentiate hearing loss? -
CORRECT ANSWER gentamycin (aminoglycoside antibiotic)
dehydration from diuretic use can promote thromboembolism. describe the symptoms of
thromboembolism - CORRECT ANSWER headache, pain in chest calves or pelvis,
positive homan's sign, erythema
what are the symptoms of ototoxicity? - CORRECT ANSWER hearing loss, tinnitus, and
vertigo
what are the major adverse effects of spironolactone? - CORRECT
ANSWER hyperkalemia, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, lowering of voice, and
gynecomastia in men
when venous return increases, does cardiac output increase or decrease - CORRECT
ANSWER increase
does HTN increase or decrease afterload - CORRECT ANSWER increase
how is intravenous lasix administered - CORRECT ANSWER IV push over 2 minutes
, what class of diuretics is especially useful in patients with renal impairment - CORRECT
ANSWER loop diuretics
what is the potential problem when diuretics and digoxin are used together - CORRECT
ANSWER low potassium can increase digoxin levels to toxic range
what is the potential problem when lithium (a mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder) and
furosemide (lasix) a loop diuretic, are combined - CORRECT ANSWER low sodium can
elevate lithium levels to toxic levels
state three factors that determine stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWER myocardial
contractility, preload and afterload
what is the recommended infusion rate for intravenous potassium replacement - CORRECT
ANSWER no more than 10 mEq/hour diluted for adults
are loop diuretics used first line for the treatment of HTN - CORRECT ANSWER no, they
are not preferred agents
are thiazide diuretics effective in patients with decreased glomerular filtration? - CORRECT
ANSWER no, the patient requires a loop diuretic
which class of drugs attenuate the effects of diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER NSAIDS
examples of food high in potassium - CORRECT ANSWER nuts, dried food, spinach,
citrus fruits, potatoes, bananas
which age group is most prone to adverse medication reactions and interactions from diuretics -
CORRECT ANSWER older adults
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Intravenous Lasix should be administered slowly over ___ minutes - CORRECT
ANSWER 1-2
which type of diuretics can be given to counteract the potassium lowering effects of loop
diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER aldosterone blockers (potassium sparing) such as
spironolactone
describe the MOA of thiazide diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER block reabsorption of
sodium and chloride in the distal convulated tubule
describe the MOA of spironolactone - CORRECT ANSWER blocks aldosterone in distal
nephron, potassium is retained, sodium is excreted
describe the MOA of furosemide (Lasix) - CORRECT ANSWER blocks reabsorption of
sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of henle
why are ace inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics problematic - CORRECT
ANSWER both can lead to hyperkalemia
what is the major indication for using a potassium-sparing diuretic such as spironolactone
(aldactone) - CORRECT ANSWER common use- to counteract loss of potassium when
loop or thiazide diuretic used
what are the clinical manifestations of electrolyte imbalance - CORRECT
ANSWER confusion, muscle twitching, weakness, irregular pulse, and nausea
when the baroreceptor reflex is activated in response to low blood pressure, the arterioles ___
and the heart rate ____ - CORRECT ANSWER constrict, increases
,list the causes of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER decreased intake, diuretics,
excessive sweating, increased insulin, alkalosis
list the adverse effects of furosemide (lasix) - CORRECT ANSWER decreases electrolytes
sodium, chloride,potassiu, hypotension, dehydration
when is the best time to take a diuretic - CORRECT ANSWER early morning
which antibiotic, when combined with furosemide (lasix), can potentiate hearing loss? -
CORRECT ANSWER gentamycin (aminoglycoside antibiotic)
dehydration from diuretic use can promote thromboembolism. describe the symptoms of
thromboembolism - CORRECT ANSWER headache, pain in chest calves or pelvis,
positive homan's sign, erythema
what are the symptoms of ototoxicity? - CORRECT ANSWER hearing loss, tinnitus, and
vertigo
what are the major adverse effects of spironolactone? - CORRECT
ANSWER hyperkalemia, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, lowering of voice, and
gynecomastia in men
when venous return increases, does cardiac output increase or decrease - CORRECT
ANSWER increase
does HTN increase or decrease afterload - CORRECT ANSWER increase
how is intravenous lasix administered - CORRECT ANSWER IV push over 2 minutes
, what class of diuretics is especially useful in patients with renal impairment - CORRECT
ANSWER loop diuretics
what is the potential problem when diuretics and digoxin are used together - CORRECT
ANSWER low potassium can increase digoxin levels to toxic range
what is the potential problem when lithium (a mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder) and
furosemide (lasix) a loop diuretic, are combined - CORRECT ANSWER low sodium can
elevate lithium levels to toxic levels
state three factors that determine stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWER myocardial
contractility, preload and afterload
what is the recommended infusion rate for intravenous potassium replacement - CORRECT
ANSWER no more than 10 mEq/hour diluted for adults
are loop diuretics used first line for the treatment of HTN - CORRECT ANSWER no, they
are not preferred agents
are thiazide diuretics effective in patients with decreased glomerular filtration? - CORRECT
ANSWER no, the patient requires a loop diuretic
which class of drugs attenuate the effects of diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER NSAIDS
examples of food high in potassium - CORRECT ANSWER nuts, dried food, spinach,
citrus fruits, potatoes, bananas
which age group is most prone to adverse medication reactions and interactions from diuretics -
CORRECT ANSWER older adults
