Blood Banking Flashcards Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update 2025-
2026
Pope Innocent VIII - AnswersFirst recorded blood transfusion performed.
Jiacomo de San Genesio - AnswersPerformed blood transfusion to Pope Innocent
William Harvey - AnswersDiscovered circulatory system
Richard Lower - AnswersAnimal to animal transfusion
Jean Baptiste Denis - AnswersAnimal to human transfusion
Charles Drew - AnswersFirst to work on blood transfusion and blood preservation technique
Braxton Hicks - AnswersSodium phosphate (Na3PO4)
Albert hustin - AnswersSodium Citrate
Richard Lewisohn - AnswersDetermined minimum non-toxic amount of citrate needed to
prevent coagulation
Rous and Turner - AnswersCitrate dextrose
Loutit and mollison * - AnswersAcid Citrate Dextrose
Audrey Smith - AnswersUtilized glycerol to extend lifespan by 10 years
Gibson - AnswersCitrate phosphate dextrose as standard
Edward Lindemann - AnswersFirst vein-vein transfusion using special cannulas
Unger - AnswersSyringe valve apparatus
Karl Landsteiner - AnswersABO group
Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli - AnswersFourth ABO blood group: AB
Karl Landsteiner and Philip levine - AnswersMN and P system
Karl landsteiner and alexander weiner - AnswersRH blood group
Cook County hospital - AnswersWorld first blood bank in Chicago under the leadership of Dr.
Bernard Fantus
Erwin Memorial Blood Bank - AnswersFirst community-based blodd center
Specificity of serologic reaction - AnswersBook authored by Karl Landsteiner
Karl Landsteiner - AnswersDiscovered the ABO blood group system
,Transfusion of wrong ABO group - AnswersRemains the leading cause of death in hemolytic
transfusion reaction fatalities (FDA)
Fiscal year 2009 - AnswersAccording to FDA, the most common cause of death is TRALI or
NCPE
Paragloboside/Glycan - AnswersBasic sugar precursors in ABO blood group
O gene - AnswersAmorphic. It does NOT code for any enzymes and is merely representative of
A and B gene absence
A gene - AnswersHigher concentrations of transferases (810,000 to 1,170,000 Ag sites on an A1
adult RBC)
B gene - Answers610,000 to 830,000 Ag sites
A and B gene - AnswersB enzyme compete more efficiently for H substance than the A enzyme
A-600,000 sites B-720,000 sites
Bernstein - AnswersDescribed the theory for the inheritance of the ABO blood group
Co-dominance - AnswersAn individual inherits one ABO gene from each parent and that these
two genees determine which ABO antigen is present in RBC
Autosomal - AnswersInheritance pattern of ABO
Codominant - AnswersA and B blood group are
O gene - AnswersAmorph, as no detectable antigen is produced in response to the inheritance
of this gene
Autosomal recessive - AnswersGroup O phenotype, In heritance of two genes that are non-
functional
OO - AnswersPosible genotype for O phenotype
A1A1, A1A2,A1,O - AnswersPossible genotype for A phenotype
A2A2, A2O - AnswersPossible genotype for A2 phenotype
BB,BO - AnswersPosible genotype for B phenotype
A1B - AnswersPosible genotype for A1B phenotype
A2B - AnswersPosible genotype for A2B phenotype
Alpha-2-L-Fucosyltransferase - Answersenzyme coded by H gene with L-fucose
immunodominant sugar
,Alpha-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase - AnswersEnzyme coded by A gene with GalNAc
immunodominant sugar
Alpha-3-D-Galactosaminyltransferase - AnswersEnzyme coded by B gene with D-galactose as
immunodominant sugar
Glucose, Galactose, GalNAc, Galactose - AnswersComposition of paragloboside
I,II,III,IV - AnswersJansky Nomenclature (O, A ,B,AB)
IV,II,III,I - AnswersMoss nomenclature (O,A,B,AB)
O>A>B>AB - AnswersAntigen frequency of ABO
37th Day of fetal Life - AnswersABO antigen formation
2-4 years - AnswersFull expression of ABO antigen which remain constant for life
RBC, endothelial cells, platelets, lymphocytes, epithelial cells and secretion - AnswersLocation
of ABO antigens in the body
Glycoproteins, glycolipids, or glycosphingolipids - AnswersABO antigen forms on RBC
Beta 1-4 linkage - AnswersABO antigens are synthesized on type 2 Precursor chains refer to a
____ linkage
Glycoproteins - AnswersABO antigen type present in the secretion
Beta 1-3 linkage - AnswersABO antigens are synthesiszed on type 1 precursor chains refer to a
____ linkage
Digestive juices, Urine, Bile, Saliva, Tears,Amniotic fluid, Milk, Pathologic fluids - AnswersABH
Substances can be found in:
Pseudomucinous ovarian cyst, Intestinal obstruction, Carcinoma of stomach and pancreas -
AnswersExcessive ABH substance in secretion can be oberved in: (PIC)
Hemagluttination Inhibition Assay with Saliva - AnswersDetermination of secretor status (Ag+
Saliva+Agcells=No agglutination)
Unbranched Straight Chain - AnswersH1 and H2 forms of H antigen
Complex Branched Chains - AnswersH3 and H4 forms of H antigen
O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B - AnswersReactivity of Anti H or Anti-H lectin with ABO blood groups
A1 - AnswersReacts with Anti-A1 and Anti-A
A2 - AnswersReacts with Anti-A only
, A3 - AnswersMF with Anti-A1 and anti-AB
Ax - AnswersReacts only with Anti-AB, but no reaction to Anti-A
Aend - AnswersMF reaction with Anti-A and Anti-AB, but on few agglutination (<10%)
Am - AnswersWeak/No reaction with anti-A and Anti-AB
Ael - AnswersNo reaction with Anti-A and anti-AB
Ay - AnswersNo reaction with Anti-A and anti-AB, but only present in siblings
Mixed field - AnswersSmall agglutinates within predominantly unagglutinated cells
Adsoprtion and Elution of anti-A - AnswersMethod used to confirm the presence of Am, Ay, and
Ael antigens
A1 - AnswersMore antigenic sites for A and less for H
A2 - AnswersLess antigentic sites for A and More for H
A2 RBCs - AnswersPredominantly Aa and Ab and uncoverted H3 and H4 antigenic sites
A1 RBCS - AnswersAa, Ab,Ac,Ad determinants with no unconverted H3 and H4 antigen sites
B subgroup - AnswersReacts with Anti-B and Anti- AB
B3 - AnswersMF reaction with anti-B and anti-AB (Most frequent B subtype)
Bx - AnswersWeak reaction with anti-B and Anti-AB
Bm - AnswersNo/Weak reaction with Anti-B and Anti-AB
Uracil diphosphate - AnswersBm subtype can be converted to B if incubated with:
Bel - AnswersNo reaction with Anti-B and anti-AB (Extremely rare phenotype)
Bombay Phenotype - AnswersHomozygous inheritance of the h gene results in the inability to
form H antigen
Dr Y.M Bhende in 1952 in Mumbai, India - AnswersFirst reported the Bombay Phenotype
hh genotype non-secretor - AnswersGenotype of Bombay phenotype
Autosomal recessive - AnswersInheritance pattern of Bombay phenotype
Silenced H gene - AnswersMutation in FUT-1
Silenced Se gene - AnswersMutation in FUT-2
2026
Pope Innocent VIII - AnswersFirst recorded blood transfusion performed.
Jiacomo de San Genesio - AnswersPerformed blood transfusion to Pope Innocent
William Harvey - AnswersDiscovered circulatory system
Richard Lower - AnswersAnimal to animal transfusion
Jean Baptiste Denis - AnswersAnimal to human transfusion
Charles Drew - AnswersFirst to work on blood transfusion and blood preservation technique
Braxton Hicks - AnswersSodium phosphate (Na3PO4)
Albert hustin - AnswersSodium Citrate
Richard Lewisohn - AnswersDetermined minimum non-toxic amount of citrate needed to
prevent coagulation
Rous and Turner - AnswersCitrate dextrose
Loutit and mollison * - AnswersAcid Citrate Dextrose
Audrey Smith - AnswersUtilized glycerol to extend lifespan by 10 years
Gibson - AnswersCitrate phosphate dextrose as standard
Edward Lindemann - AnswersFirst vein-vein transfusion using special cannulas
Unger - AnswersSyringe valve apparatus
Karl Landsteiner - AnswersABO group
Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli - AnswersFourth ABO blood group: AB
Karl Landsteiner and Philip levine - AnswersMN and P system
Karl landsteiner and alexander weiner - AnswersRH blood group
Cook County hospital - AnswersWorld first blood bank in Chicago under the leadership of Dr.
Bernard Fantus
Erwin Memorial Blood Bank - AnswersFirst community-based blodd center
Specificity of serologic reaction - AnswersBook authored by Karl Landsteiner
Karl Landsteiner - AnswersDiscovered the ABO blood group system
,Transfusion of wrong ABO group - AnswersRemains the leading cause of death in hemolytic
transfusion reaction fatalities (FDA)
Fiscal year 2009 - AnswersAccording to FDA, the most common cause of death is TRALI or
NCPE
Paragloboside/Glycan - AnswersBasic sugar precursors in ABO blood group
O gene - AnswersAmorphic. It does NOT code for any enzymes and is merely representative of
A and B gene absence
A gene - AnswersHigher concentrations of transferases (810,000 to 1,170,000 Ag sites on an A1
adult RBC)
B gene - Answers610,000 to 830,000 Ag sites
A and B gene - AnswersB enzyme compete more efficiently for H substance than the A enzyme
A-600,000 sites B-720,000 sites
Bernstein - AnswersDescribed the theory for the inheritance of the ABO blood group
Co-dominance - AnswersAn individual inherits one ABO gene from each parent and that these
two genees determine which ABO antigen is present in RBC
Autosomal - AnswersInheritance pattern of ABO
Codominant - AnswersA and B blood group are
O gene - AnswersAmorph, as no detectable antigen is produced in response to the inheritance
of this gene
Autosomal recessive - AnswersGroup O phenotype, In heritance of two genes that are non-
functional
OO - AnswersPosible genotype for O phenotype
A1A1, A1A2,A1,O - AnswersPossible genotype for A phenotype
A2A2, A2O - AnswersPossible genotype for A2 phenotype
BB,BO - AnswersPosible genotype for B phenotype
A1B - AnswersPosible genotype for A1B phenotype
A2B - AnswersPosible genotype for A2B phenotype
Alpha-2-L-Fucosyltransferase - Answersenzyme coded by H gene with L-fucose
immunodominant sugar
,Alpha-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase - AnswersEnzyme coded by A gene with GalNAc
immunodominant sugar
Alpha-3-D-Galactosaminyltransferase - AnswersEnzyme coded by B gene with D-galactose as
immunodominant sugar
Glucose, Galactose, GalNAc, Galactose - AnswersComposition of paragloboside
I,II,III,IV - AnswersJansky Nomenclature (O, A ,B,AB)
IV,II,III,I - AnswersMoss nomenclature (O,A,B,AB)
O>A>B>AB - AnswersAntigen frequency of ABO
37th Day of fetal Life - AnswersABO antigen formation
2-4 years - AnswersFull expression of ABO antigen which remain constant for life
RBC, endothelial cells, platelets, lymphocytes, epithelial cells and secretion - AnswersLocation
of ABO antigens in the body
Glycoproteins, glycolipids, or glycosphingolipids - AnswersABO antigen forms on RBC
Beta 1-4 linkage - AnswersABO antigens are synthesized on type 2 Precursor chains refer to a
____ linkage
Glycoproteins - AnswersABO antigen type present in the secretion
Beta 1-3 linkage - AnswersABO antigens are synthesiszed on type 1 precursor chains refer to a
____ linkage
Digestive juices, Urine, Bile, Saliva, Tears,Amniotic fluid, Milk, Pathologic fluids - AnswersABH
Substances can be found in:
Pseudomucinous ovarian cyst, Intestinal obstruction, Carcinoma of stomach and pancreas -
AnswersExcessive ABH substance in secretion can be oberved in: (PIC)
Hemagluttination Inhibition Assay with Saliva - AnswersDetermination of secretor status (Ag+
Saliva+Agcells=No agglutination)
Unbranched Straight Chain - AnswersH1 and H2 forms of H antigen
Complex Branched Chains - AnswersH3 and H4 forms of H antigen
O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B - AnswersReactivity of Anti H or Anti-H lectin with ABO blood groups
A1 - AnswersReacts with Anti-A1 and Anti-A
A2 - AnswersReacts with Anti-A only
, A3 - AnswersMF with Anti-A1 and anti-AB
Ax - AnswersReacts only with Anti-AB, but no reaction to Anti-A
Aend - AnswersMF reaction with Anti-A and Anti-AB, but on few agglutination (<10%)
Am - AnswersWeak/No reaction with anti-A and Anti-AB
Ael - AnswersNo reaction with Anti-A and anti-AB
Ay - AnswersNo reaction with Anti-A and anti-AB, but only present in siblings
Mixed field - AnswersSmall agglutinates within predominantly unagglutinated cells
Adsoprtion and Elution of anti-A - AnswersMethod used to confirm the presence of Am, Ay, and
Ael antigens
A1 - AnswersMore antigenic sites for A and less for H
A2 - AnswersLess antigentic sites for A and More for H
A2 RBCs - AnswersPredominantly Aa and Ab and uncoverted H3 and H4 antigenic sites
A1 RBCS - AnswersAa, Ab,Ac,Ad determinants with no unconverted H3 and H4 antigen sites
B subgroup - AnswersReacts with Anti-B and Anti- AB
B3 - AnswersMF reaction with anti-B and anti-AB (Most frequent B subtype)
Bx - AnswersWeak reaction with anti-B and Anti-AB
Bm - AnswersNo/Weak reaction with Anti-B and Anti-AB
Uracil diphosphate - AnswersBm subtype can be converted to B if incubated with:
Bel - AnswersNo reaction with Anti-B and anti-AB (Extremely rare phenotype)
Bombay Phenotype - AnswersHomozygous inheritance of the h gene results in the inability to
form H antigen
Dr Y.M Bhende in 1952 in Mumbai, India - AnswersFirst reported the Bombay Phenotype
hh genotype non-secretor - AnswersGenotype of Bombay phenotype
Autosomal recessive - AnswersInheritance pattern of Bombay phenotype
Silenced H gene - AnswersMutation in FUT-1
Silenced Se gene - AnswersMutation in FUT-2
