Pharmacology Flashcards with Solution Updated 2025/2026

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Pharm Flashcards
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Benzodiazepines
 Alprazolam
 Diazepam
 Lorazepam
 Chlordiazepoxide
 Sedation
 Dependency/Withdrawal - Short term
 Antidote is Flumazenil

Atypical Anxiolytics
 Buspirone
 No Sedation - No Dependency - Long term
 Full effects take weeks
 Take with meals

SSRIs
 Paroxetine
 Sertraline
 Fluoxetine
 Insomnia
 Watch for Serotonin Syndrome (Agitation, Hallucinations, Fever, Diaphoresis,
Tremors)
 Do Not Take With St. John’s Wort
 Full Effects take months

Atypical Antidepressants
 Bupropion
 Trazodone (Major Side Effect - Sedation)
 Depression & Smoke Cessation
 Insomnia, headache, GI Distress, Weight Loss, Agitation, Seizures

TCAs
 Amitriptyline
 Imipramine
 Sedation, orthostatic hypotension Anticholinergic Effects (Urinary Retention,
Constipation, Dry Mouth, Blurry Vision, Photophobia)

MAOIs
 Phenelzine
 Tranylcypromine
 HTN Crisis
 Do not eat foods with tyramine




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Mood Stabilizers
 Lithium
 Side Effects: GI Upset, Fine Hand Tremors (Coarse in Tox), Polyuria, Weight
gain, Kidney Tox, Electrolyte imbalances
 Monitor Plasma Levels: Tox over 1.5 mEq/L
 Toxicity (Coarse hand tremors, confusion, hypotension, seizures, tinnitus
 No diuretics, Anticholinergics or NSAIDs
 Contraindicated in Renal Disease
 Closely monitor NA, Drink 2-3 L of water

Antiepileptics (Bipolar Disorder)
 Carbamazepine (Blood Issues (Anemia, Thrombocytopenia & Leukopenia),
Vision Issues & Rash)
 Valproic Acid (GI Upset, Hepatotoxicity, Pancreatitis, Thrombocytopenia)

Antipsychotics
 Chlorpromazine
 Haloperidol
 EPS, NMS, Agranulocytosis, Anticholinergic Effects, Sedation
 Monitor Vitals 1-2 hours
 Benztropine can control EPS
 Dantrolene can control NMS

Atypical Antipsychotics
 Risperidone (IM q 2 weeks for non-compliance)
 Clozapine (Agranulocytosis)
 Olanzapine
 Diabetes, Weight Gain, Increased Cholesterol, Sedation, Anticholinergic
Effects
 Avoid Alcohol




ADHD Meds
 Methylphenidate
 Amphetamine
 Insomnia, Dysrhythmias, Decreased Appetite, Weight Loss
 Do not give at night
 Give Immediately Before/After Meals
 Monitor Child’s Weight

Alcohol Abuse (Withdrawal)
*Withdrawal Starts Within 4-12 Hours of Last Drink
*Peaks at 24-48 Hours
 Benzodiazepines - Stabilizes vitals, Decrease Seizures
 Carbamazepine - Decreases Seizures
 Clonidine - Decreases BP & HR




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 Beta Blockers - Decreases BP, HR, & Cravings

Alcohol Abuse (Abstinence)
 Disulfiram - Vomit
 Naltrexone - Decreases Cravings
 Acamprosate - Decreases Abstinence Symptoms

Opioid & Nicotine Withdrawal
Opioid
 Methadone - Used for Withdrawal & Long-Term
Nicotine
 Bupropion
 Nicotine Replacements - Gum, Patch, Nasal Spray
 Varenicline - Reduces Cravings/Withdrawal; monitor for depression

Cholinergics
 Neostigmine
 Pyridostigmine
 Edrophonium (Used to Diagnose MG vs. Cholinergic Crisis)
 Myasthenia Gravis, Reverses Nerve Blocks
 Increased Salivation, Diarrhea, Nausea/Vomiting, Sweating, Bradycardia
 Antidote is Atropine




Anti Parkinson’s (Dopamine Agonist)
 Levodopa/Carbidopa
 N/V, Drowsiness, Tics, Orthostatic Hypotension, Darkening of urine/sweat
 Do not take with High Protein Meals, can take with other meals

Anti Parkinson’s (Anticholinergic)
 Benztropine
 Anticholinergic Effects (Dry mouth, Dry Eyes, Blurry Vision, Urinary Retention)

Antiepileptics
 Phenytoin
 Lamotrigine
 Carbamazepine
 Valproic Acid
 Gingival Hyperplasia, double vision, rash, ataxia
 Narrow Therapeutic Range - Monitor Levels
 Decreases Oral Contraceptives

Anti Glaucoma (Beta Blockers)
 Timolol
 Glaucoma
 Hold Gentle Pressure on Nasolacrimal Duct for 30-60 Seconds




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