GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT MASTERY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Physical/Motor developmental characteristics for infants - ANSWER-weight is
doubled by 6 months & tripled by 1 year, length is 1.5x from birth to 1 year, able to lift
the head while in prone position at 4 months as well as first teeth starting to grow,
can sit unsupported by 8 months, have the ability to stand with or without support by
1 year
Psychological/Cognitive developmental characteristics for infants - ANSWER-Trust
vs Mistrust, sensorimotor skills
Safety concerns for infants - ANSWER-should sleep on their back with no
blankets/pillows/stuffed animals in the crib, should not sleep with the parents, car
seat must be in the back seat facing backwards, should never be left unattended
especially around water or on high surfaces
Health promotion for infants - ANSWER-Formula or breast milk should be drank for
the first year with supplement juice at 6 months, rice cereal can be introduced when
teeth start popping through, introduce one new food at a time, avoid common
allergens
Physical/motor developmental characteristics for toddlers - ANSWER-large head
with an exaggerated lumbar spine & protruding abdomen ("pot belly"), wait for cues
to start toilet training around 24-36 months
Psychological/cognitive developmental characteristics for toddlers - ANSWER-
Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt. sensorimotor skills
Safety concerns for toddlers - ANSWER-everything should be childproof (toys should
be checked for choking hazards, cabinets should be locked, outlets should be
covered), water heater should be set at 120 degrees in order to kill bacteria, keep
supervision around water & with finger foods
Physical/motor developmental characteristics for preschoolers - ANSWER-spine
begins to straighten out, child becomes more coordinated for activities (hopping,
skipping, climbing stairs)
Psychological/cognitive developmental characteristics for preschoolers - ANSWER-
Initiative vs Guilt, preoperational
Erikson's Initiative vs Guilt - ANSWER-(3-5 years)
preschoolers initiate tasks & plans or feel guilty about their efforts to be independent
Erikson's Industry vs Inferiority - ANSWER-(5-12 years)
children learn to apply themselves or feel inferior
, Erikson's Identity vs Confusion - ANSWER-(12-18 years)
teenagers learn a sense of self, begin testing roles & form a single identity or
become confused with who they are
Erikson's Intimacy vs Isolation - ANSWER-(18-30 years)
young adults begin to form close, intimate relationships or feel socially isolated
Erikson's Generativity vs Stagnation - ANSWER-(40-65 years)
discovers a sense of contributing to their community or feels a lack pf purpose in the
world
Erikson's Integrity vs Despair - ANSWER-(65 years & older)
while reflecting on life, people are either satisfied or feel failure
Piaget's sensorimotor stage - ANSWER-(infant & toddler)
senses, motor skills, object performance
Piaget's preoperational stage - ANSWER-(preschool age)
symbolic thinking, language develops, imagination & fantasies are explored
Piaget's concrete operational stage - ANSWER-(school age)
start to apply logic, develop rational interpretations, begin using numbers, form ideas
on their own, interested in building objects
Piaget's formal operational stage - ANSWER-(adolescence)
have abstracts thoughts, form hypothetical ideas & situations, gain an interest for
politics, explore social life & moral
Describe the sequence of stages that children go through to develop language &
speech - ANSWER-babbling starts at 3 months
recognition of words begins at 1 year (1-2 word convey their message)
big vocabulary growth starts at 2-3 years (learn approximately 6-10 words/day)
preschoolers know about 900 words
Safety concerns for preschoolers - ANSWER-promote road safety as well as safety
equipment with toys, educate about stranger danger
Health promotion for preschoolers - ANSWER-MMR vaccine
Physical/motor developmental characteristics for school age children - ANSWER-
child goes through growth spurts, hand-eye coordination improves which gives them
the ability to begin learning sports
Psychological/cognitive developmental characteristics for school age children -
ANSWER-Industry vs Inferiority, concrete operational
Safety concerns for school age children - ANSWER-encourage sport safety
equipment, promote road safety
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Physical/Motor developmental characteristics for infants - ANSWER-weight is
doubled by 6 months & tripled by 1 year, length is 1.5x from birth to 1 year, able to lift
the head while in prone position at 4 months as well as first teeth starting to grow,
can sit unsupported by 8 months, have the ability to stand with or without support by
1 year
Psychological/Cognitive developmental characteristics for infants - ANSWER-Trust
vs Mistrust, sensorimotor skills
Safety concerns for infants - ANSWER-should sleep on their back with no
blankets/pillows/stuffed animals in the crib, should not sleep with the parents, car
seat must be in the back seat facing backwards, should never be left unattended
especially around water or on high surfaces
Health promotion for infants - ANSWER-Formula or breast milk should be drank for
the first year with supplement juice at 6 months, rice cereal can be introduced when
teeth start popping through, introduce one new food at a time, avoid common
allergens
Physical/motor developmental characteristics for toddlers - ANSWER-large head
with an exaggerated lumbar spine & protruding abdomen ("pot belly"), wait for cues
to start toilet training around 24-36 months
Psychological/cognitive developmental characteristics for toddlers - ANSWER-
Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt. sensorimotor skills
Safety concerns for toddlers - ANSWER-everything should be childproof (toys should
be checked for choking hazards, cabinets should be locked, outlets should be
covered), water heater should be set at 120 degrees in order to kill bacteria, keep
supervision around water & with finger foods
Physical/motor developmental characteristics for preschoolers - ANSWER-spine
begins to straighten out, child becomes more coordinated for activities (hopping,
skipping, climbing stairs)
Psychological/cognitive developmental characteristics for preschoolers - ANSWER-
Initiative vs Guilt, preoperational
Erikson's Initiative vs Guilt - ANSWER-(3-5 years)
preschoolers initiate tasks & plans or feel guilty about their efforts to be independent
Erikson's Industry vs Inferiority - ANSWER-(5-12 years)
children learn to apply themselves or feel inferior
, Erikson's Identity vs Confusion - ANSWER-(12-18 years)
teenagers learn a sense of self, begin testing roles & form a single identity or
become confused with who they are
Erikson's Intimacy vs Isolation - ANSWER-(18-30 years)
young adults begin to form close, intimate relationships or feel socially isolated
Erikson's Generativity vs Stagnation - ANSWER-(40-65 years)
discovers a sense of contributing to their community or feels a lack pf purpose in the
world
Erikson's Integrity vs Despair - ANSWER-(65 years & older)
while reflecting on life, people are either satisfied or feel failure
Piaget's sensorimotor stage - ANSWER-(infant & toddler)
senses, motor skills, object performance
Piaget's preoperational stage - ANSWER-(preschool age)
symbolic thinking, language develops, imagination & fantasies are explored
Piaget's concrete operational stage - ANSWER-(school age)
start to apply logic, develop rational interpretations, begin using numbers, form ideas
on their own, interested in building objects
Piaget's formal operational stage - ANSWER-(adolescence)
have abstracts thoughts, form hypothetical ideas & situations, gain an interest for
politics, explore social life & moral
Describe the sequence of stages that children go through to develop language &
speech - ANSWER-babbling starts at 3 months
recognition of words begins at 1 year (1-2 word convey their message)
big vocabulary growth starts at 2-3 years (learn approximately 6-10 words/day)
preschoolers know about 900 words
Safety concerns for preschoolers - ANSWER-promote road safety as well as safety
equipment with toys, educate about stranger danger
Health promotion for preschoolers - ANSWER-MMR vaccine
Physical/motor developmental characteristics for school age children - ANSWER-
child goes through growth spurts, hand-eye coordination improves which gives them
the ability to begin learning sports
Psychological/cognitive developmental characteristics for school age children -
ANSWER-Industry vs Inferiority, concrete operational
Safety concerns for school age children - ANSWER-encourage sport safety
equipment, promote road safety
