NUR 425 Exam 1 Peds UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Piaget created a theory of development related to what? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cognitive abilities varying from age to age
Erikson created a theory of development related to what? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Psychosocial development
Birth to 12 months. Learns trust as basic needs are met. Mistrust if needs not met or unable to
delay gratification. - CORRECT ANSWER - Trust vs. Mistrust
12 months to three years. Learns independent behaviors such as feeding and dressing, exercises
choices, exerts self. Shame and doubt if independence is not encouraged. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3-5 years old. Goal direction, competitive, exploratory behavior. Imaginative play. Initiative
occurs when child independently begins inactivity instead of merely responding to or imitating
other. Guilt occurs when caregivers frequently reprimand behaviors reflecting initiative. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Initiative vs. Guilt
6-12 years old. Learns self worth. Gains mastery of psychosocial, physiological, and cognitive
skills. Becomes socially and peer focused. Less family focused. Inferiority can develop when
school-age children are ridiculed by peers, don't measure up to adult standards, or lack certain
skills. - CORRECT ANSWER - Industry vs. Inferiority
12-17 years old. Develops a sense of who they are intellectually, cognitively, behaviorally, and
emotionally. Emerging physical and sexual maturity is integrated with already existing skills and
abilities. Gains independence from parents. Peers are very important. A crucial stage in
development, as identity formation affects commitments and decisions made later in life. Role
confusion occurs when the adolescent is unable to acquire a sense of direction, self, or place
within the world. - CORRECT ANSWER - Role Identity vs. Role Confusion
,Birth to 2 years. Develops object permanence. Puts things in mouth, learns motor and vision
skills, emphasis on reflexes and reacting to stimuli. Infants try to make sense of their world
through sensory perceptions and and motor activities such as looking, sucking, rooting, and
grasping.
Interested in novelty, repetition; understands causality; solicits help from others
Simple problem solving; imitates
Develops object permanence; anticipates others' actions; differentiates familiar/unfamiliar
objects - CORRECT ANSWER - Sensorimotor stage
2-7 years. The child develops animism, egocentric thought, mental imagery, increasing language.
Preconceptual thought, artificialism, finalism. Use language to represent thoughts and ideas. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Preoperational stage
Indicates the the child does not yet understand what a concept involves, that is, that a concept
refers to a certain class of things which have a certain feature in common on the basis of which
they can be grouped together, even if they differ in another respects. In the preoperational stage.
- CORRECT ANSWER - Preconceptual thought
Refers to the meaning that preschool children attach to "why?" questions. For young children the
"why?" question can have two different meanings. believe that everything, including death, must
have a cause no matter how insignificant, even if it
happens by chance. In the preoperational stage. - CORRECT ANSWER - Finalism
Refers to the child's belief that all the physical phenomena in the world are produced by people,
for the use of people. - CORRECT ANSWER - Artificialism
7 to 12 years. Understands relationships, classification, conservations, seriation, and reversibility.
Have difficulty in understanding objects and events the do not have concrete evidence. Logical
reasoning limited. Less egocentric thought. Can see another's point of view. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Concrete operations
, 13 years and older. Capable of systematic, abstract thought. Flexibility and adaptability. Make
and test hypotheses. Can solve most contradictions. Think about possibilities. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Formal operations
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who has been hospitalized for 12 hours. Which of the
following situations would most affect the child's behavior?
a. The presence of other children
b. A lack of familiar toys
c. The presence of nurses
d. The separation from parents - CORRECT ANSWER - D (Between the ages of 6 months
and 2.5 years, separation anxiety is very common. Separation from parents should be avoided
when possible, due to the distress it causes.)
The nurse provides anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 4-year old client. Which teaching
points does the nurse include?
a. Telling lies is normal in this age group.
b. Give Syrup of Ipecac for accidental ingestions.
c. Avoid giving raw carrots and grapes.
d. Nightmares and night terrors are common.
e. Ensure helmet use when riding a tricycle. - CORRECT ANSWER -ADE
(Preschoolers are concrete and magical thinkers and enjoy pretend play. They often are not able
to differentiate fantasy from reality. The parents need teaching to guide the child through this
stage. Syrup of Ipecac is not routinely recommended. Parents should always call Poison Control
before treating the child who has ingested a non-food substance. Raw carrots and whole grapes
are safe for the child over age 3 years. These are choking hazards for children younger than 3
years of age. Nightmares and night terrors are common in the pre-school age group. Nightmares
are decreased by limiting exposure to frightening images. Night terrors are self-limiting. The
American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the use of bicycle helmets when riding a tricyle,
while learning to ride a bicycle, and when riding a bike independently.)
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Piaget created a theory of development related to what? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cognitive abilities varying from age to age
Erikson created a theory of development related to what? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Psychosocial development
Birth to 12 months. Learns trust as basic needs are met. Mistrust if needs not met or unable to
delay gratification. - CORRECT ANSWER - Trust vs. Mistrust
12 months to three years. Learns independent behaviors such as feeding and dressing, exercises
choices, exerts self. Shame and doubt if independence is not encouraged. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3-5 years old. Goal direction, competitive, exploratory behavior. Imaginative play. Initiative
occurs when child independently begins inactivity instead of merely responding to or imitating
other. Guilt occurs when caregivers frequently reprimand behaviors reflecting initiative. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Initiative vs. Guilt
6-12 years old. Learns self worth. Gains mastery of psychosocial, physiological, and cognitive
skills. Becomes socially and peer focused. Less family focused. Inferiority can develop when
school-age children are ridiculed by peers, don't measure up to adult standards, or lack certain
skills. - CORRECT ANSWER - Industry vs. Inferiority
12-17 years old. Develops a sense of who they are intellectually, cognitively, behaviorally, and
emotionally. Emerging physical and sexual maturity is integrated with already existing skills and
abilities. Gains independence from parents. Peers are very important. A crucial stage in
development, as identity formation affects commitments and decisions made later in life. Role
confusion occurs when the adolescent is unable to acquire a sense of direction, self, or place
within the world. - CORRECT ANSWER - Role Identity vs. Role Confusion
,Birth to 2 years. Develops object permanence. Puts things in mouth, learns motor and vision
skills, emphasis on reflexes and reacting to stimuli. Infants try to make sense of their world
through sensory perceptions and and motor activities such as looking, sucking, rooting, and
grasping.
Interested in novelty, repetition; understands causality; solicits help from others
Simple problem solving; imitates
Develops object permanence; anticipates others' actions; differentiates familiar/unfamiliar
objects - CORRECT ANSWER - Sensorimotor stage
2-7 years. The child develops animism, egocentric thought, mental imagery, increasing language.
Preconceptual thought, artificialism, finalism. Use language to represent thoughts and ideas. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Preoperational stage
Indicates the the child does not yet understand what a concept involves, that is, that a concept
refers to a certain class of things which have a certain feature in common on the basis of which
they can be grouped together, even if they differ in another respects. In the preoperational stage.
- CORRECT ANSWER - Preconceptual thought
Refers to the meaning that preschool children attach to "why?" questions. For young children the
"why?" question can have two different meanings. believe that everything, including death, must
have a cause no matter how insignificant, even if it
happens by chance. In the preoperational stage. - CORRECT ANSWER - Finalism
Refers to the child's belief that all the physical phenomena in the world are produced by people,
for the use of people. - CORRECT ANSWER - Artificialism
7 to 12 years. Understands relationships, classification, conservations, seriation, and reversibility.
Have difficulty in understanding objects and events the do not have concrete evidence. Logical
reasoning limited. Less egocentric thought. Can see another's point of view. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Concrete operations
, 13 years and older. Capable of systematic, abstract thought. Flexibility and adaptability. Make
and test hypotheses. Can solve most contradictions. Think about possibilities. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Formal operations
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who has been hospitalized for 12 hours. Which of the
following situations would most affect the child's behavior?
a. The presence of other children
b. A lack of familiar toys
c. The presence of nurses
d. The separation from parents - CORRECT ANSWER - D (Between the ages of 6 months
and 2.5 years, separation anxiety is very common. Separation from parents should be avoided
when possible, due to the distress it causes.)
The nurse provides anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 4-year old client. Which teaching
points does the nurse include?
a. Telling lies is normal in this age group.
b. Give Syrup of Ipecac for accidental ingestions.
c. Avoid giving raw carrots and grapes.
d. Nightmares and night terrors are common.
e. Ensure helmet use when riding a tricycle. - CORRECT ANSWER -ADE
(Preschoolers are concrete and magical thinkers and enjoy pretend play. They often are not able
to differentiate fantasy from reality. The parents need teaching to guide the child through this
stage. Syrup of Ipecac is not routinely recommended. Parents should always call Poison Control
before treating the child who has ingested a non-food substance. Raw carrots and whole grapes
are safe for the child over age 3 years. These are choking hazards for children younger than 3
years of age. Nightmares and night terrors are common in the pre-school age group. Nightmares
are decreased by limiting exposure to frightening images. Night terrors are self-limiting. The
American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the use of bicycle helmets when riding a tricyle,
while learning to ride a bicycle, and when riding a bike independently.)
