LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT FINAL
PRACTICE QUIZ REVIEW CHAPTERS
#1-12 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Vygotsky Cognitive Theory - Answer-emphasizes how culture and social interaction
guide cognitive development
Skinner operant conditioning - Answer-development consists of patterns of behavioral
changes that are brought about by rewards and punishments
Bandura's social cognitive theory - Answer-emphasizes behavior, environment, and
cognition as the key factors in development
Konrad Lorenz - Answer-helped bring ethology to prominence "imprinting"
John Bowlby - Answer-attachment to a caregiver over the first year of life has important
consequences throughout the lifespan
Ethology - Answer-stresses that behavior is strongly influenced by biology, is tied to
evolution, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods
Descriptive Reasearch - Answer-designed to observe and record behavior
correlational research - Answer-describes the strength of the relationships between two
or more events or characteristics
Theory - Answer-interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomena
and facilitate predictions
hypotheses - Answer-specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to
determine their accuracy
Freudian Stages - Answer-- oral Birth to 1 1/2
- anal 1 1/1 to 3
- phallic 3 to 6
-latency 6 to puberty
- genital puberty on
Psychoanlytic theories - Answer-describes development as primarily unconscious
(beyond awareness) and heavily colored by emotion
,Information- processing theory (cognitive) - Answer-emphasizes that individuals
manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it
experiment - Answer-one or more of the factors are manipulated while all other factors
are held constant
-I and D variables
cross- sectional approach - Answer-individuals of different ages are compared at one
time
longitudinal approach - Answer-some individuals are studied over a period of time,
usually several years or more
cohort effects - Answer-due to a persons time of birth or generation rather than the
persons actual age
EX: pandemic
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory - Answer-stages of human development with and
emphasizes on
- developmental framework
- familiar relations
- unconscious aspects of the mind
Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory - Answer-environmental systems theory that focuses
on five environmental systems
-microsystem
- mesosystem
- exosytem
- macrosystem
- chronosystem
ethnic gloss - Answer-is using an ethnic label such as African American or Latino in a
superficial way that portrays an ethnic group as being more homogeneous than it really
is.
correlation coefficient - Answer-a number based on a statistical analysis that describes
the degree of association between two variables
standardized test - Answer-has uniform procedures for administration and scoring
survey and interview - Answer-sometimes the best and quickest way to get information
about people is to ask for it and interview them directly
social policy - Answer-- is a governments form of action designed to promote the
welfare of its citizens
- values economics and politics all shape a nations social policy
, Gender - Answer-- refers to the characteristics of people as males and females
- few aspects of our development are more central to out identity and social
relationships, than gender
Socieconomic Status (SES) - Answer-refers to a persons position within society based
on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics
ethnicity - Answer--greek for "nation"
- is rooted in cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion, and language
cross- cultural studies - Answer-- compare aspects of two or more cultures
- development is similar across cultures
Culture - Answer-the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular
group of people that are passed on from generation to generation
Laboratory Obersvations - Answer-controlled setting in which many of the complex
factors of the real world are removed
naturalisitic observation - Answer-studies that involve observing behavior in real-world
settings
developmental period - Answer-refers to a time frame in a persons life that is
characterized by certain features
case study - Answer-- is an in-depth look at a single individual
- performed mainly by healthcare professionals
- mental health professionals
Naturalistic obervation - Answer-studies that involve observing behavior in real-world
settings
evolutionary psychology - Answer-emphasizes the importance of adaptation,
reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behavior
adaptive behavior - Answer-promotes an organism's survival in the natural habitat
natural selection - Answer-survival of the fittest
- evolutionary process by which individuals of a species that are best adapted are the
ones that survive and reproduce
DNA - Answer-is a complex molecule that has a double helix shape, like a spiral
staircase and contains genetic information
Chromosomes - Answer-- the nucleus contains chromosomes
PRACTICE QUIZ REVIEW CHAPTERS
#1-12 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Vygotsky Cognitive Theory - Answer-emphasizes how culture and social interaction
guide cognitive development
Skinner operant conditioning - Answer-development consists of patterns of behavioral
changes that are brought about by rewards and punishments
Bandura's social cognitive theory - Answer-emphasizes behavior, environment, and
cognition as the key factors in development
Konrad Lorenz - Answer-helped bring ethology to prominence "imprinting"
John Bowlby - Answer-attachment to a caregiver over the first year of life has important
consequences throughout the lifespan
Ethology - Answer-stresses that behavior is strongly influenced by biology, is tied to
evolution, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods
Descriptive Reasearch - Answer-designed to observe and record behavior
correlational research - Answer-describes the strength of the relationships between two
or more events or characteristics
Theory - Answer-interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomena
and facilitate predictions
hypotheses - Answer-specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to
determine their accuracy
Freudian Stages - Answer-- oral Birth to 1 1/2
- anal 1 1/1 to 3
- phallic 3 to 6
-latency 6 to puberty
- genital puberty on
Psychoanlytic theories - Answer-describes development as primarily unconscious
(beyond awareness) and heavily colored by emotion
,Information- processing theory (cognitive) - Answer-emphasizes that individuals
manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it
experiment - Answer-one or more of the factors are manipulated while all other factors
are held constant
-I and D variables
cross- sectional approach - Answer-individuals of different ages are compared at one
time
longitudinal approach - Answer-some individuals are studied over a period of time,
usually several years or more
cohort effects - Answer-due to a persons time of birth or generation rather than the
persons actual age
EX: pandemic
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory - Answer-stages of human development with and
emphasizes on
- developmental framework
- familiar relations
- unconscious aspects of the mind
Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory - Answer-environmental systems theory that focuses
on five environmental systems
-microsystem
- mesosystem
- exosytem
- macrosystem
- chronosystem
ethnic gloss - Answer-is using an ethnic label such as African American or Latino in a
superficial way that portrays an ethnic group as being more homogeneous than it really
is.
correlation coefficient - Answer-a number based on a statistical analysis that describes
the degree of association between two variables
standardized test - Answer-has uniform procedures for administration and scoring
survey and interview - Answer-sometimes the best and quickest way to get information
about people is to ask for it and interview them directly
social policy - Answer-- is a governments form of action designed to promote the
welfare of its citizens
- values economics and politics all shape a nations social policy
, Gender - Answer-- refers to the characteristics of people as males and females
- few aspects of our development are more central to out identity and social
relationships, than gender
Socieconomic Status (SES) - Answer-refers to a persons position within society based
on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics
ethnicity - Answer--greek for "nation"
- is rooted in cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion, and language
cross- cultural studies - Answer-- compare aspects of two or more cultures
- development is similar across cultures
Culture - Answer-the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular
group of people that are passed on from generation to generation
Laboratory Obersvations - Answer-controlled setting in which many of the complex
factors of the real world are removed
naturalisitic observation - Answer-studies that involve observing behavior in real-world
settings
developmental period - Answer-refers to a time frame in a persons life that is
characterized by certain features
case study - Answer-- is an in-depth look at a single individual
- performed mainly by healthcare professionals
- mental health professionals
Naturalistic obervation - Answer-studies that involve observing behavior in real-world
settings
evolutionary psychology - Answer-emphasizes the importance of adaptation,
reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behavior
adaptive behavior - Answer-promotes an organism's survival in the natural habitat
natural selection - Answer-survival of the fittest
- evolutionary process by which individuals of a species that are best adapted are the
ones that survive and reproduce
DNA - Answer-is a complex molecule that has a double helix shape, like a spiral
staircase and contains genetic information
Chromosomes - Answer-- the nucleus contains chromosomes
