LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT EXAM #4 (CH
11-14) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Why does middle age start later and last longer than it did in the past? - Answer-_____
_______ begins later because people are now living longer
60 is the new 40!
"Rectangularization" of society
What are the two types of aging? - Answer-Primary:
inevitable age-related changes (aka senescence)
Secondary:
changes due to environmental influence, poor health, habits, disease. Not inevitable or
universal
What are the physical changes of aging (focus on those we covered in class). - Answer-
Vary from person to person
Outward appearance:
Wrinkles, age spots, thinner/grayer hair, thicker/brittle nails, most people want to look
younger
Height and weight:
Loss of height (males: 1 inch, females: 2 inches)
Weight gain (problems with overweight/obesity)
Strength:
Sarcopenia: age related loss of muscle mass
Joints: cartilage becomes less efficient leading to joint stiffness
Bones: bone density peaks in mid-to late 30s, bone loss accelerates in 50s especially
for women
Vision and Hearing:
Presbyopia: loss of visualacuity ---> reading glasses
Physical and psychological adjustment
Presbycusis: loss of hearing
Loss of high frequencies
Accelerates after age 50
Earlier for men
Are middle-aged adults more or less healthy than young adults? Or both? Why? -
Answer-Depends on lifestyle choices, but less susceptible to colds and allergies,
accidents also decline
What are the two main causes of death in middle age? - Answer-Chronic diseases and
heart disease
What are reported advantages and disadvantages of being single? - Answer-Problems:
trouble forming relationships, loneliness, pressure to settle down
, Advantages: time to make decisions, freedom to make autonomous decisions, own
schedule and interests, privacy
What determines successful cohabitation? - Answer-Understanding within the
relationships and talking with each other
What are the outcomes of happy and unhappy marriages? - Answer-Happy: live longer,
healthier, and happier lives
Unhappy: high blood pressure, heart disease, anxiety, depression, and substance
abuse
What are Gottman's five tools for making a marriage work? - Answer-Establishing love
maps: know each other, don't be strangers
Nurturing fondness and admiration: Sing each other's praises
Turning toward each other instead of away: don't let arguments overwhelm the
relationship
Letting your partner influence you: one person shouldn't have more influence
Creating shared meaning: Communicate openly work to achieve each other's goals
Does intelligence increase or decrease with age? - Answer-Short-term memory declines
but ______ doesn't decrease
What are crystallized and fluid intelligence? - Answer-_______:
accumulated information and verbal skills
______ _______:
ability to reason abstractly
(Peaks in middle adulthood then starts to go down)
What is the main explanation of memory loss (if there is any) in middle adulthood? -
Answer-"The subjective experience of forgetfulness increases with age"
working memory = short-term memory declines
Can overcome memory limitations:
Use more reminders or cues
Make better efforts to remember
Describe Denny's model of cognitive and physical functioning. - Answer-age-related
changes follow a typical curve
Decay related to age
Height of the curve varies based on exercise
What is generativity vs. stagnation? - Answer-________:
desire to leave a legacy to the next generation
-commitment to the improvement of society
Types of ______:
-Biological: having one's own children
-Parental: nurturing and guiding children
11-14) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Why does middle age start later and last longer than it did in the past? - Answer-_____
_______ begins later because people are now living longer
60 is the new 40!
"Rectangularization" of society
What are the two types of aging? - Answer-Primary:
inevitable age-related changes (aka senescence)
Secondary:
changes due to environmental influence, poor health, habits, disease. Not inevitable or
universal
What are the physical changes of aging (focus on those we covered in class). - Answer-
Vary from person to person
Outward appearance:
Wrinkles, age spots, thinner/grayer hair, thicker/brittle nails, most people want to look
younger
Height and weight:
Loss of height (males: 1 inch, females: 2 inches)
Weight gain (problems with overweight/obesity)
Strength:
Sarcopenia: age related loss of muscle mass
Joints: cartilage becomes less efficient leading to joint stiffness
Bones: bone density peaks in mid-to late 30s, bone loss accelerates in 50s especially
for women
Vision and Hearing:
Presbyopia: loss of visualacuity ---> reading glasses
Physical and psychological adjustment
Presbycusis: loss of hearing
Loss of high frequencies
Accelerates after age 50
Earlier for men
Are middle-aged adults more or less healthy than young adults? Or both? Why? -
Answer-Depends on lifestyle choices, but less susceptible to colds and allergies,
accidents also decline
What are the two main causes of death in middle age? - Answer-Chronic diseases and
heart disease
What are reported advantages and disadvantages of being single? - Answer-Problems:
trouble forming relationships, loneliness, pressure to settle down
, Advantages: time to make decisions, freedom to make autonomous decisions, own
schedule and interests, privacy
What determines successful cohabitation? - Answer-Understanding within the
relationships and talking with each other
What are the outcomes of happy and unhappy marriages? - Answer-Happy: live longer,
healthier, and happier lives
Unhappy: high blood pressure, heart disease, anxiety, depression, and substance
abuse
What are Gottman's five tools for making a marriage work? - Answer-Establishing love
maps: know each other, don't be strangers
Nurturing fondness and admiration: Sing each other's praises
Turning toward each other instead of away: don't let arguments overwhelm the
relationship
Letting your partner influence you: one person shouldn't have more influence
Creating shared meaning: Communicate openly work to achieve each other's goals
Does intelligence increase or decrease with age? - Answer-Short-term memory declines
but ______ doesn't decrease
What are crystallized and fluid intelligence? - Answer-_______:
accumulated information and verbal skills
______ _______:
ability to reason abstractly
(Peaks in middle adulthood then starts to go down)
What is the main explanation of memory loss (if there is any) in middle adulthood? -
Answer-"The subjective experience of forgetfulness increases with age"
working memory = short-term memory declines
Can overcome memory limitations:
Use more reminders or cues
Make better efforts to remember
Describe Denny's model of cognitive and physical functioning. - Answer-age-related
changes follow a typical curve
Decay related to age
Height of the curve varies based on exercise
What is generativity vs. stagnation? - Answer-________:
desire to leave a legacy to the next generation
-commitment to the improvement of society
Types of ______:
-Biological: having one's own children
-Parental: nurturing and guiding children
