Chapter
vocabulary
7 Review
1 LocustLoci Genomiclocation of a genetic element Ge nucleotides
genes etc
2 Alleles DNA sequence variants at a locus
3 Genotypes genetic constitution of individuals
4 Haplotype A set of alleles located in adjacent linked loci
5 Phenotype observable physical characteristics expressed
NOTE
A Az alleles
Ai Ai
genotypes
FIFE
mm
HardyWeinburgTheorem EAussymputionsw
7 Diploid sexual population w discrete generations onlyparents B
Offsprings calc
2 Allele Frequencies equal in both sexes
3 Mendelian segregation of alleles
4 Random Mating
5 No mutations
6 No migrations no new individuals
7 large population SIZE NOGENETIC DRIFT
8 No Natural Selection
H W Equation
pzmating
2pqtq2 L
changes in random
note Random mating changes genotypicfrequencies NOT Allelicfreq
frequencies will remained unchanged after
i genotypic
1st gen in AWE
IF we want to calculate other generations
we need allelic frequencies not genotypic
When mating is not random INBREEDING
Allozygous Autozygous GenotypeFrequenae
AA p2 l F PF p2tFpq D
A Az 2pq l F 2pqG F H
AzAz q2 Ct F t off q2 Fpq R
F autozygous 7 0 no inbreeding
I F allozygous F I fully inbred
, I a 24g I f ly Mb A
NOTE PAST A Az Ai Az
L L
time A A Lmutation
Ai
Present r v v tr
v A A A A
Autozygous Allozygous
The consequences of that the frequency of
inbreeding is
homozygotes is HIGHER and the frequency of the heterozygotes
is lower relative to population in AWE
CONDITIONS FOR INBREEDING
1 An individual is inbred when it's parents share one or more
common ancestor i related
2 Inbreeding is unavoidable in small populations as all individuals
become related by descents over time dangerous in heterozygoustow
3 Outbreeding pop contain deleterious recessive alleles at low freq
in mutation selection balance
4 Inbreeding increasing homozygosity Y exposes more deleterious
alleles as homozygotes reducing fitness Primary cause
of inbreeding depression
5 Inbreeding depression can affect all aspects of reproductive
fitness
offspring S
juvenile survival
longevity
inter birth interval
mating ability
gamate quantity
gamate quality
,
vocabulary
7 Review
1 LocustLoci Genomiclocation of a genetic element Ge nucleotides
genes etc
2 Alleles DNA sequence variants at a locus
3 Genotypes genetic constitution of individuals
4 Haplotype A set of alleles located in adjacent linked loci
5 Phenotype observable physical characteristics expressed
NOTE
A Az alleles
Ai Ai
genotypes
FIFE
mm
HardyWeinburgTheorem EAussymputionsw
7 Diploid sexual population w discrete generations onlyparents B
Offsprings calc
2 Allele Frequencies equal in both sexes
3 Mendelian segregation of alleles
4 Random Mating
5 No mutations
6 No migrations no new individuals
7 large population SIZE NOGENETIC DRIFT
8 No Natural Selection
H W Equation
pzmating
2pqtq2 L
changes in random
note Random mating changes genotypicfrequencies NOT Allelicfreq
frequencies will remained unchanged after
i genotypic
1st gen in AWE
IF we want to calculate other generations
we need allelic frequencies not genotypic
When mating is not random INBREEDING
Allozygous Autozygous GenotypeFrequenae
AA p2 l F PF p2tFpq D
A Az 2pq l F 2pqG F H
AzAz q2 Ct F t off q2 Fpq R
F autozygous 7 0 no inbreeding
I F allozygous F I fully inbred
, I a 24g I f ly Mb A
NOTE PAST A Az Ai Az
L L
time A A Lmutation
Ai
Present r v v tr
v A A A A
Autozygous Allozygous
The consequences of that the frequency of
inbreeding is
homozygotes is HIGHER and the frequency of the heterozygotes
is lower relative to population in AWE
CONDITIONS FOR INBREEDING
1 An individual is inbred when it's parents share one or more
common ancestor i related
2 Inbreeding is unavoidable in small populations as all individuals
become related by descents over time dangerous in heterozygoustow
3 Outbreeding pop contain deleterious recessive alleles at low freq
in mutation selection balance
4 Inbreeding increasing homozygosity Y exposes more deleterious
alleles as homozygotes reducing fitness Primary cause
of inbreeding depression
5 Inbreeding depression can affect all aspects of reproductive
fitness
offspring S
juvenile survival
longevity
inter birth interval
mating ability
gamate quantity
gamate quality
,
