Is it Pharyngitis or Tonsillitis?
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-You can diagnose a pt with pharyngitis if he/she complains of a sore
throat or has pharyngeal erythema.
-You can diagnose a pt with tonsillitis if he/she had enlarged tonsils.
,Exotropia
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eye or eyes turn outward
eye pain
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Check visual acuity and pupillary reaction: if abnormal: REFER immediately
Foreign body: sudden onset of pain, tearing and redness in one eye. Use
anesthetic drops (tetracaine) prior to exam. Evert eyelid to inspect for
object. Remove by flushing with NS or use a moistened cotton tip
applicator.
May result in corneal abrasion (see next slide).
REFER imbedded objects.
recurrent sinusitis
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Recurrent is defined as successive episodes of bacterial infections of the
sinuses, each lasting less than 30 days & separated by intervals of at least 10
days.
Diagnosis of AR
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Physical exam:
-nasal turbinates are pale, boggy and swollen, can sometimes be
erythematous.
-Clear nasal secretions.
-Conjunctival -injection, tearing, periorbital edema.
Enlarged tonsils
Treatment of acute bacterial rhino sinusitis
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Treatmentduration:
- Pediatrics: 7 days after symptoms have resolved
.- Adults: 5-10 days, may be longer to prevent relapses
NotethatmedicationsareDIFFERENTfor pediatric and adult patients.
-Drug selection takes into daycare status, recent antibiotics use, drug
allergies, age, and comorbidities.
vision in newborn
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20/200 or 20/400
Clinical manifestations of OME
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, • Symptoms:
Usually painless, but often report a sense of fullness or
pressure
Decreased hearing
• Signs:
TM is either neutral or retracted. When TM is retracted, the
bony landmarks become more visible
Decreased motion of the TM on pneumatic otoscopy or tympanometry
TM may have a whitish or amber color
Hearing impairment on audiometry
Acute closed-angle glaucoma
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• Risks factors: increased age, farsightedness, genetic factors, certain
medications
• Signs & symptoms:
rapid onset of severe unilateral eye pain, blurred vision with "halos" around
lights. May be accompanied by nausea/ abd pain, & severe headache
Redness, cloudy appearing cornea, dilated, non-reactive pupil, eye feels
hard on palpation.
• Treatment: REFER emergently to ophthalmologist
Visiutal acuity and growth
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-Acuity changes occur quickly with growth spurts
-Boys may develop myopia later than girls due to differences in growth
patterns
Give this one a try later!
-You can diagnose a pt with pharyngitis if he/she complains of a sore
throat or has pharyngeal erythema.
-You can diagnose a pt with tonsillitis if he/she had enlarged tonsils.
,Exotropia
Give this one a try later!
eye or eyes turn outward
eye pain
Give this one a try later!
Check visual acuity and pupillary reaction: if abnormal: REFER immediately
Foreign body: sudden onset of pain, tearing and redness in one eye. Use
anesthetic drops (tetracaine) prior to exam. Evert eyelid to inspect for
object. Remove by flushing with NS or use a moistened cotton tip
applicator.
May result in corneal abrasion (see next slide).
REFER imbedded objects.
recurrent sinusitis
Give this one a try later!
Recurrent is defined as successive episodes of bacterial infections of the
sinuses, each lasting less than 30 days & separated by intervals of at least 10
days.
Diagnosis of AR
,Give this one a try later!
Physical exam:
-nasal turbinates are pale, boggy and swollen, can sometimes be
erythematous.
-Clear nasal secretions.
-Conjunctival -injection, tearing, periorbital edema.
Enlarged tonsils
Treatment of acute bacterial rhino sinusitis
Give this one a try later!
Treatmentduration:
- Pediatrics: 7 days after symptoms have resolved
.- Adults: 5-10 days, may be longer to prevent relapses
NotethatmedicationsareDIFFERENTfor pediatric and adult patients.
-Drug selection takes into daycare status, recent antibiotics use, drug
allergies, age, and comorbidities.
vision in newborn
Give this one a try later!
20/200 or 20/400
Clinical manifestations of OME
Give this one a try later!
, • Symptoms:
Usually painless, but often report a sense of fullness or
pressure
Decreased hearing
• Signs:
TM is either neutral or retracted. When TM is retracted, the
bony landmarks become more visible
Decreased motion of the TM on pneumatic otoscopy or tympanometry
TM may have a whitish or amber color
Hearing impairment on audiometry
Acute closed-angle glaucoma
Give this one a try later!
• Risks factors: increased age, farsightedness, genetic factors, certain
medications
• Signs & symptoms:
rapid onset of severe unilateral eye pain, blurred vision with "halos" around
lights. May be accompanied by nausea/ abd pain, & severe headache
Redness, cloudy appearing cornea, dilated, non-reactive pupil, eye feels
hard on palpation.
• Treatment: REFER emergently to ophthalmologist
Visiutal acuity and growth
Give this one a try later!
-Acuity changes occur quickly with growth spurts
-Boys may develop myopia later than girls due to differences in growth
patterns
