GISP 2025/2026 Exam Questions and
Detailed Answers | Get it 100% Correct
Answers
Data exploration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Data-centered query and analysis
Dynamic Segmentations - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A data model that allows the use of
linearly measured data on a coordinate system
Georelational data model - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A vector data model that uses a split
system to store geometries and attributes
GeoSpatial data - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Data that describes both the locations and
characteristics of spatial features on the earth surface
Object-based data model - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A data model that uses objects to
organize spatial data and stores geometries and attributes in a single system
,Raster data model - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A data model that uses a grid and cells to
represent the spatial variation of a feature
Relational Database - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A collection of tables in which tables are
connected to one another by keys
Topology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A subfield of mathematics that when applied to GIS,
ensures that the spatial relationships between features are expressed explicitly
Triangulated irregular network (TIN) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Composite vector data that
approximate the terrain with a set of nonoverlapping triangles
Vector data model - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A spatial data model that uses points and their
x y coordinates to construct spatial features of points, lines and polygons
Azimuthal Projection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔One type of map projection that retains
certain accurate directions. Azimuthal also refers to one type of map projection that
uses a plane as the projection surface
Central lines - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The central parallel and the central meridian.
Together, they define the center or the origin of a map projection
Clarke 1866 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A ground-measured ellipsoid, which is the basis for
the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)
,Conformal projection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔One type of map projection that preserves
local shapes
Conic Projection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔One type of map projection that uses a cone as
the projection surface
Cylindrical Projection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔One type of map projection that uses a
cylinder as the projection surface
Datum - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The basis for calculating the geographic coordinates of a
location. An ellipsoid is a required input to the derivation of a datum
Datum shift - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A change from one datum to another, such as from
NAD27 to NAD83, which can result in substantial horizontal shifts of point
positions
Decimal degrees (DD) system - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A measurement system for long
and lat values such as 42.5
Degrees minutes seconds - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A measurement system for long and lat
values such as 42 30' 00", in which 1 degree equals 60 minutes and 1 minute
equals 60 seconds
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Ellipsoid - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A model that approximates the earth, ALSO called
spheroid
Equidistant projection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔One type of map projection that represents
areas in correct relative size
False easting - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A value applied to the origin of a coordinate system
to change the x-coordinate readings
False northing - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A value applied to the origin of a coordinate
system to change the x-coordinate readings
Geographic Coordinate data base (GCDB) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A Database developed
by the US bro of Land Managment (BLM) to include long and lat values and other
descriptive information for section corners and monuments recorded in the PLSS
Geographic Coordinate System - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A location reference system for
spatial features on the Earths surface
GRS80 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A satellite-determined ellipsoid for the Geodetic
Reference System
Lambert Conformal conic projection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A common map projection,
which is the basis for the SPC system for many states
Detailed Answers | Get it 100% Correct
Answers
Data exploration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Data-centered query and analysis
Dynamic Segmentations - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A data model that allows the use of
linearly measured data on a coordinate system
Georelational data model - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A vector data model that uses a split
system to store geometries and attributes
GeoSpatial data - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Data that describes both the locations and
characteristics of spatial features on the earth surface
Object-based data model - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A data model that uses objects to
organize spatial data and stores geometries and attributes in a single system
,Raster data model - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A data model that uses a grid and cells to
represent the spatial variation of a feature
Relational Database - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A collection of tables in which tables are
connected to one another by keys
Topology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A subfield of mathematics that when applied to GIS,
ensures that the spatial relationships between features are expressed explicitly
Triangulated irregular network (TIN) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Composite vector data that
approximate the terrain with a set of nonoverlapping triangles
Vector data model - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A spatial data model that uses points and their
x y coordinates to construct spatial features of points, lines and polygons
Azimuthal Projection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔One type of map projection that retains
certain accurate directions. Azimuthal also refers to one type of map projection that
uses a plane as the projection surface
Central lines - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The central parallel and the central meridian.
Together, they define the center or the origin of a map projection
Clarke 1866 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A ground-measured ellipsoid, which is the basis for
the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)
,Conformal projection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔One type of map projection that preserves
local shapes
Conic Projection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔One type of map projection that uses a cone as
the projection surface
Cylindrical Projection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔One type of map projection that uses a
cylinder as the projection surface
Datum - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The basis for calculating the geographic coordinates of a
location. An ellipsoid is a required input to the derivation of a datum
Datum shift - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A change from one datum to another, such as from
NAD27 to NAD83, which can result in substantial horizontal shifts of point
positions
Decimal degrees (DD) system - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A measurement system for long
and lat values such as 42.5
Degrees minutes seconds - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A measurement system for long and lat
values such as 42 30' 00", in which 1 degree equals 60 minutes and 1 minute
equals 60 seconds
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Ellipsoid - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A model that approximates the earth, ALSO called
spheroid
Equidistant projection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔One type of map projection that represents
areas in correct relative size
False easting - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A value applied to the origin of a coordinate system
to change the x-coordinate readings
False northing - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A value applied to the origin of a coordinate
system to change the x-coordinate readings
Geographic Coordinate data base (GCDB) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A Database developed
by the US bro of Land Managment (BLM) to include long and lat values and other
descriptive information for section corners and monuments recorded in the PLSS
Geographic Coordinate System - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A location reference system for
spatial features on the Earths surface
GRS80 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A satellite-determined ellipsoid for the Geodetic
Reference System
Lambert Conformal conic projection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A common map projection,
which is the basis for the SPC system for many states
