Solution Manual for
, ,
Statistics for Nursing R
, , ,
esearch A Workbookfo
, , ,
r Evidence-
,
Based Practice 3rd Edit
, , ,
ion Susan Grove Daish
, , ,
a
, Answer,Guidelines,for,Questions,to,Be,Graded
EXERCISE ,
Identifying, Levels, of,
Measurement:,Nominal,,Or
dinal,, Interval,, and, Ratio
1
The,questions,are,in,bold,followed,by,answers.
1. In,Table,1,,identify,the,level,of,measurement,for,the,current,therapy,variable.,Provide,a,
rationale,for,your,answer.
Answer:,The,current,therapy,variable,was,measured,at,the,nominal,level.,These,drug,categorie
s,were,probably,developed,to,be,exhaustive,for,this,study,and,included,the,categories,of,drugs,t
he,subjects,were,receiving.,However,,the,categories,are,not,exclusive,,since,patients,are,usually,
on,more,than,one,category,of,these,drugs,to,manage,their,health,problems.,The,current,therapi
es,are,not,measured,at,the,ordinal,level,because,they,cannot,be,rank,ordered,,since,no,drug,categ
ory,can,be,considered,more,or,less,beneficial,than,another,drug,category,(see,Figure,1-
1;,Grove,&,Gray,,2019).
2. What, is, the, mode, for, the, current, therapy, variable, in, this, study?, Provide, a, rationale, fo
r,your,answer.
Answer:, The, mode, for, current, therapy, was, β,blocker., A, total, of, 100, (94%), of, the, cardiac, patients
were, receiving, this, category, of, drug,, which, was, the, most, common, prescribed, drug, for, thi
s,sample.
3. What,statistics,were,conducted,to,describe,the,BMI,of,the,cardiac,patients,in,this,sample
?,Discuss,whether,these,analysis,techniques,were,appropriate,or,inappropriate.
Answer:, BMI, was, described, with, a, mean, and, standard, deviation, (SD)., BMI, measurement, resulted
,in,ratio-
level,data,with,continuous,values,and,an,absolute,zero,(Stone,&,Frazier,,2017).,Ratio-
,level,data,should,be,analyzed,with,parametric,statistics,such,as,the,mean,and,SD,(Grove,&,Gra
y,,2017;,Knapp,,2017).
4. Researchers,used,the,following,item,to,measure,registered,nurses’,(RNs),income,in,a,study
:,What,category,identifies,your,current,income,as,an,RN?
a., Less,than,$50,000
b., $50,000,to,59,999
c., $60,000,to,69,999
d., $70,000,to,80,000
e., $80,000,or,greater
What, level, of, measurement, is, this, income, variable?, Does, the, income, variable, follow, the
,rules,outlined,in,Figure,1-1?,Provide,a,rationale,for,your,answer.
Answer:, In, this,example,,the, income, variable, is, measured, at,the, ordinal,level.,The, income, catego-
,ries,are,exhaustive,,ranging,from,less,than,$50,000,to,greater,than,$80,000.,The,two,open-
ended
,AG,1-1
, AG,1-2 Answer, Guidelines, for, Questions, to, Be, Graded
categories,ensure,that,all,salary,levels,are,covered.,The,categories,are,not,exclusive,,since,catego
-
,ries,(d),and,(e),include,an,$80,000,salary,,so,study,participants,making,$80,000,might,mark,ei
ther, (d), or, (e), or, both, categories,, resulting, in, erroneous, data., Category, (e), could, be, changed,t
o,greater,than,$80,000,,making,the,categories,exclusive.,The,categories,can,be,rank,ordered,fr
om,the,lowest,salary,to,the,highest,salary,,which,is,consistent,with,ordinal,data,(Grove,&,Gra
y,,2019;,Waltz,et,al.,,2017).
5. What,level,of,measurement,is,the,CDS,score?,Provide,a,rationale,for,your,answer.
Answer:,The,CDS,score,is,at,the,interval,level,of,measurement.,The,CDS,is,a,26-
item,Likert,scale,developed,to,measure,depression,in,cardiac,patients.,Study,participants,rated,
their,symp-
,toms,on,a,scale,of,1,to,7,,with,higher,numbers,indicating,increased,severity,in,the,depression,
symptoms.,The,total,scores,for,each,subject,obtained,from,this,multi-
item,scale,are,considered,to,be,at,the,interval,level,of,measurement,(Gray,et,al.,,2017;,Waltz,et
,al.,,2017).
6. Were,nonparametric,or,parametric,analysis,techniques,used,to,analyze,the,CDS,scores,fo
r,the,cardiac,patients,in,this,study?,Provide,a,rationale,for,your,answer.
Answer:,Parametric,statistics,,such,as, mean, and, SD,, were, conducted, to, describe, CDS, scores,f
or,study,participants,(see,Table,1).,CDS,scores,are,interval-
level,data,as,indicated,in,Questions,5,,so,parametric,statistics,are,appropriate,for,this,level,of,data,(
Gray,et,al.,,2017;,Kim,&,Mallory,,2017).
7. Is,the,prevalence,of,depression,linked,to,the,NYHA,class?,Discuss,the,clinical,importanc
e,of,this,result.
Answer:,The,study,narrative,indicated,that,the,prevalence,of,depression,increased,with,the,gre
ater,NYHA,class.,In,NYHA,class,III,,64%,of,the,subjects,were,depressed,,whereas,11%,of,the,su
bjects,were,depressed,in,NYHA,class,I.,Thus,,as,the,NYHA,class,increased,,the,number,of,sub-
,jects,with,depression,increased.,This,is,an,expected,finding,because,as,the,NYHA,class,increases,,
cardiac,patients,have,more,severe,physical,symptoms,,which,usually,result,in,emotional,distress,
,such, as, depression., Nurses, need, to, actively, assess, cardiac, patients, for, depression,, especially, thos
e,in,higher,NYHA,classes,,so,they,might,be,diagnosed,and,treated,as,needed.
8. What,frequency,and,percent,of,cardiac,patients,in,this,study,were,not,being,treated,with
,an,antidepressant?,Show,your,calculations,and,round,your,answer,to,the,nearest,whole,
percent,(%).
Answer:,A,total,,of,,106,,cardiac,,patients,,participated,,in,,this,,study.,,The,,sample,,included,
15,patients,who,were,receiving,an,antidepressant,(see,Table,1).,The,,number,,of,,cardiac,patie
nts, not, treated, for, depression, was, 91, (106, –
, 15, =,91)., The, group, percent, is, calculated,by, the, following, formula:, (group, frequency, ÷,
total, sample, size), ×, 100%., For, this, study,,(91,patients,÷,106,sample,size),×,100%,=,0.8
58,×,100%,=,85.8%,=,86%.,The,,final,answer, is, rounded, to, the, nearest, whole, percent, as,
directed, in, the, question., You, could, have,also,subtracted,the,14%,of,patients,treated,with,anti
depressants,from,100%,and,obtained,the,86%, who, were, not,treated, with,an, antidepressant.
9. What,was,the,purpose,of,the,6-
minute,walk,test,(6MWT)?,Would,the,6MWT,be,useful,in,clinical,practice?
Answer:,Ha,et,al.,(2018),stated,,“The,6-
min,walk,test,(6MWT),is,a,measure,of,the,submaximal,,steady-
state,functional,capacity”,of,cardiac,patients.,This,test,would,be,a,quick,,easy,way,to,determin
, ,
Statistics for Nursing R
, , ,
esearch A Workbookfo
, , ,
r Evidence-
,
Based Practice 3rd Edit
, , ,
ion Susan Grove Daish
, , ,
a
, Answer,Guidelines,for,Questions,to,Be,Graded
EXERCISE ,
Identifying, Levels, of,
Measurement:,Nominal,,Or
dinal,, Interval,, and, Ratio
1
The,questions,are,in,bold,followed,by,answers.
1. In,Table,1,,identify,the,level,of,measurement,for,the,current,therapy,variable.,Provide,a,
rationale,for,your,answer.
Answer:,The,current,therapy,variable,was,measured,at,the,nominal,level.,These,drug,categorie
s,were,probably,developed,to,be,exhaustive,for,this,study,and,included,the,categories,of,drugs,t
he,subjects,were,receiving.,However,,the,categories,are,not,exclusive,,since,patients,are,usually,
on,more,than,one,category,of,these,drugs,to,manage,their,health,problems.,The,current,therapi
es,are,not,measured,at,the,ordinal,level,because,they,cannot,be,rank,ordered,,since,no,drug,categ
ory,can,be,considered,more,or,less,beneficial,than,another,drug,category,(see,Figure,1-
1;,Grove,&,Gray,,2019).
2. What, is, the, mode, for, the, current, therapy, variable, in, this, study?, Provide, a, rationale, fo
r,your,answer.
Answer:, The, mode, for, current, therapy, was, β,blocker., A, total, of, 100, (94%), of, the, cardiac, patients
were, receiving, this, category, of, drug,, which, was, the, most, common, prescribed, drug, for, thi
s,sample.
3. What,statistics,were,conducted,to,describe,the,BMI,of,the,cardiac,patients,in,this,sample
?,Discuss,whether,these,analysis,techniques,were,appropriate,or,inappropriate.
Answer:, BMI, was, described, with, a, mean, and, standard, deviation, (SD)., BMI, measurement, resulted
,in,ratio-
level,data,with,continuous,values,and,an,absolute,zero,(Stone,&,Frazier,,2017).,Ratio-
,level,data,should,be,analyzed,with,parametric,statistics,such,as,the,mean,and,SD,(Grove,&,Gra
y,,2017;,Knapp,,2017).
4. Researchers,used,the,following,item,to,measure,registered,nurses’,(RNs),income,in,a,study
:,What,category,identifies,your,current,income,as,an,RN?
a., Less,than,$50,000
b., $50,000,to,59,999
c., $60,000,to,69,999
d., $70,000,to,80,000
e., $80,000,or,greater
What, level, of, measurement, is, this, income, variable?, Does, the, income, variable, follow, the
,rules,outlined,in,Figure,1-1?,Provide,a,rationale,for,your,answer.
Answer:, In, this,example,,the, income, variable, is, measured, at,the, ordinal,level.,The, income, catego-
,ries,are,exhaustive,,ranging,from,less,than,$50,000,to,greater,than,$80,000.,The,two,open-
ended
,AG,1-1
, AG,1-2 Answer, Guidelines, for, Questions, to, Be, Graded
categories,ensure,that,all,salary,levels,are,covered.,The,categories,are,not,exclusive,,since,catego
-
,ries,(d),and,(e),include,an,$80,000,salary,,so,study,participants,making,$80,000,might,mark,ei
ther, (d), or, (e), or, both, categories,, resulting, in, erroneous, data., Category, (e), could, be, changed,t
o,greater,than,$80,000,,making,the,categories,exclusive.,The,categories,can,be,rank,ordered,fr
om,the,lowest,salary,to,the,highest,salary,,which,is,consistent,with,ordinal,data,(Grove,&,Gra
y,,2019;,Waltz,et,al.,,2017).
5. What,level,of,measurement,is,the,CDS,score?,Provide,a,rationale,for,your,answer.
Answer:,The,CDS,score,is,at,the,interval,level,of,measurement.,The,CDS,is,a,26-
item,Likert,scale,developed,to,measure,depression,in,cardiac,patients.,Study,participants,rated,
their,symp-
,toms,on,a,scale,of,1,to,7,,with,higher,numbers,indicating,increased,severity,in,the,depression,
symptoms.,The,total,scores,for,each,subject,obtained,from,this,multi-
item,scale,are,considered,to,be,at,the,interval,level,of,measurement,(Gray,et,al.,,2017;,Waltz,et
,al.,,2017).
6. Were,nonparametric,or,parametric,analysis,techniques,used,to,analyze,the,CDS,scores,fo
r,the,cardiac,patients,in,this,study?,Provide,a,rationale,for,your,answer.
Answer:,Parametric,statistics,,such,as, mean, and, SD,, were, conducted, to, describe, CDS, scores,f
or,study,participants,(see,Table,1).,CDS,scores,are,interval-
level,data,as,indicated,in,Questions,5,,so,parametric,statistics,are,appropriate,for,this,level,of,data,(
Gray,et,al.,,2017;,Kim,&,Mallory,,2017).
7. Is,the,prevalence,of,depression,linked,to,the,NYHA,class?,Discuss,the,clinical,importanc
e,of,this,result.
Answer:,The,study,narrative,indicated,that,the,prevalence,of,depression,increased,with,the,gre
ater,NYHA,class.,In,NYHA,class,III,,64%,of,the,subjects,were,depressed,,whereas,11%,of,the,su
bjects,were,depressed,in,NYHA,class,I.,Thus,,as,the,NYHA,class,increased,,the,number,of,sub-
,jects,with,depression,increased.,This,is,an,expected,finding,because,as,the,NYHA,class,increases,,
cardiac,patients,have,more,severe,physical,symptoms,,which,usually,result,in,emotional,distress,
,such, as, depression., Nurses, need, to, actively, assess, cardiac, patients, for, depression,, especially, thos
e,in,higher,NYHA,classes,,so,they,might,be,diagnosed,and,treated,as,needed.
8. What,frequency,and,percent,of,cardiac,patients,in,this,study,were,not,being,treated,with
,an,antidepressant?,Show,your,calculations,and,round,your,answer,to,the,nearest,whole,
percent,(%).
Answer:,A,total,,of,,106,,cardiac,,patients,,participated,,in,,this,,study.,,The,,sample,,included,
15,patients,who,were,receiving,an,antidepressant,(see,Table,1).,The,,number,,of,,cardiac,patie
nts, not, treated, for, depression, was, 91, (106, –
, 15, =,91)., The, group, percent, is, calculated,by, the, following, formula:, (group, frequency, ÷,
total, sample, size), ×, 100%., For, this, study,,(91,patients,÷,106,sample,size),×,100%,=,0.8
58,×,100%,=,85.8%,=,86%.,The,,final,answer, is, rounded, to, the, nearest, whole, percent, as,
directed, in, the, question., You, could, have,also,subtracted,the,14%,of,patients,treated,with,anti
depressants,from,100%,and,obtained,the,86%, who, were, not,treated, with,an, antidepressant.
9. What,was,the,purpose,of,the,6-
minute,walk,test,(6MWT)?,Would,the,6MWT,be,useful,in,clinical,practice?
Answer:,Ha,et,al.,(2018),stated,,“The,6-
min,walk,test,(6MWT),is,a,measure,of,the,submaximal,,steady-
state,functional,capacity”,of,cardiac,patients.,This,test,would,be,a,quick,,easy,way,to,determin
