,Chapter 1 - Chemistry and Measurement
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1. What is a scientific theory?
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A) It is a collection of experimental data.
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B) It is an assertion of scientific fact.
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C) It is a guess or conjecture about natural phenomena.
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D) It is a fundamental relationship of nature.
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E) It is an explanation of natural phenomena that has undergone significant testing.
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ANS: E PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: Understand how the scientific method is an approach to performing science. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | scientific method MSC: general chemistry
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2. An untested explanation of a series of experimental observations is called
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A) a hypothesis ff
B) a theory ff
C) a law ff
D) an experiment ff
E) the scientific method ff ff
ANS: A PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: Understand how the scientific method is an approach to performing science. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | scientific method
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3. Which of the following statements concerning experiment and explanation is/are true?
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1. A law is always given in the form of a mathematical expression.
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2. Once a hypothesis passes one or two tests it is considered a theory.
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3. Observation is a key component of the scientific method. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
A) 1 only ff
B) 2 only ff
C) 3 only ff
D) 1 and 2 ff ff
E) 1, 2, and 3 ff ff ff
ANS: C PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: Understand how the scientific method is an approach to performing science. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | scientific method
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4. A saline solution similar to that used for intravenous drips is made by dissolving 0.45 g
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sodium chloride in 50.00 g water. Which of the following statements concerning the
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saline solution and the law of conservation of mass is/are correct?
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1. The mass of the saline solution is greater than the mass of water.
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2. The mass of the saline solution is equal to the combined mass of
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sodium chloride and water.
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3. The mass of the saline solution is greater than the mass of the
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sodium chloride.
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, A) 1 only ff
B) 2 only ff
C) 3 only ff
D) 1 and 2 ff ff
E) 1, 2, and 3 ff ff ff
ANS: D PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | matter
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5. A 19.0-g sample of lithium is completely burned in air to form lithium oxide. The mass
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of lithium oxide must be
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A) less than 19.0 g. ff ff ff
B) greater than 19.0 g. ff ff ff
C) equal to 19.0 g. ff ff ff
D) all of the above. ff ff ff
E) none of the above. ff ff ff
ANS: B PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1) ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | matter
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6. A sample of silicon is burned in oxygen to form silicon dioxide. What mass of oxygen is
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consumed if 57.76 g silicon dioxide is formed from 27.00 g silicon?
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A) 30.76 g ff
B) 84.76 g ff
C) 1559.59 g ff
D) 0.47 g ff
E) none of the above. ff ff ff
ANS: A PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | matter
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7. In a certain chemical reaction, 7.29 g of compound A is added to 5.70 g of compound
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B. Once the reaction is complete, 3.60 g of compound A and 1.17 g of compound B
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remain. What mass of products was produced?
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A) 17.76 g ff
B) 4.53 g ff
C) 8.22 g ff
D) 3.69 g ff
E) 4.77 g ff
ANS: C PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1) ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | matter KEY: Law of Conservation of ff ff ff f f ff ff ff
Mass MSC: general chemistry
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8. A 5.77 g sample of calcium carbonate completely decomposes into calcium oxide (lime) and
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carbon dioxide gas when heated. If 3.23 g calcium oxide is produced, what mass of
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carbon dioxide must have been formed?
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, A) 2.54 g ff
B) 9.00 g ff
C) 18.65 g ff
D) 0.56 g ff
E) 1.92 g ff
ANS: A PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | matter
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9. A sample of rubidium carbonate, weighing 7.00 g, requires 2.20 g of hydrogen chloride
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gas to completely decompose to water, rubidium chloride, and carbon dioxide gas.
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The total ff
mass of water and rubidium chloride formed is 7.90 g and no hydrogen chloride or
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rubidium carbonate remains. According to the law of conservation of mass, what mass
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of carbon dioxide must have been formed?
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A) 1.30 g ff
B) 0.90 g ff
C) 8.65 g ff
D) 17.10 g ff
E) 3.07 g ff
ANS: A PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: moderate REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | matter
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10. Sodium oxide reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide. Suppose 18.6 g of sodium
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oxide is combined with 33.7 g of water. When the reaction is complete, all the
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sodium oxide has been consumed. According to the law of conservation of mass,
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which is a true statement?
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A) The mass of sodium hydroxide produced must equal 52.3 g.
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B) The mass of unreacted water must equal 15.1 g.
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C) The mass of sodium hydroxide produced must equal 18.6 g.
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D) The mass of water consumed must equal 18.6 g.
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E) The mass of sodium hydroxide produced plus the mass of unreacted water
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must equal 52.3 g.
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ANS: E PTS: 1 f f DIF: difficult REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1)
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TOP: general concepts | matter KEY: Law of Conservation of ff ff ff f f ff ff ff
Mass MSC: general chemistry
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11. After a certain chemical reaction has completed, it is found that 33.7 g of product was
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produced. According to the law of conservation of mass, which statement must be
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true?
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A) The total mass consumed of all reactants was 33.7 g.
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B) The mass consumed of each reactant was 33.7 g.
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C) The mass of reactants consumed depends on the number of reactants present.
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D) Before the reaction started, there was 33.7 g total of all reactants.
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E) Before the reaction started, there was 33.7 g of each reactant.
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ANS: A PTS: 1 f f DIF: difficult REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1)
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1. What is a scientific theory?
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A) It is a collection of experimental data.
ff ff ff ff ff ff
B) It is an assertion of scientific fact.
ff ff ff ff ff ff
C) It is a guess or conjecture about natural phenomena.
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D) It is a fundamental relationship of nature.
ff ff ff ff ff ff
E) It is an explanation of natural phenomena that has undergone significant testing.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ANS: E PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: Understand how the scientific method is an approach to performing science. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | scientific method MSC: general chemistry
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2. An untested explanation of a series of experimental observations is called
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A) a hypothesis ff
B) a theory ff
C) a law ff
D) an experiment ff
E) the scientific method ff ff
ANS: A PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: Understand how the scientific method is an approach to performing science. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | scientific method
ff ff ff ff ff
3. Which of the following statements concerning experiment and explanation is/are true?
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
1. A law is always given in the form of a mathematical expression.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
2. Once a hypothesis passes one or two tests it is considered a theory.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
3. Observation is a key component of the scientific method. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
A) 1 only ff
B) 2 only ff
C) 3 only ff
D) 1 and 2 ff ff
E) 1, 2, and 3 ff ff ff
ANS: C PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: Understand how the scientific method is an approach to performing science. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | scientific method
ff ff ff ff ff
4. A saline solution similar to that used for intravenous drips is made by dissolving 0.45 g
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
sodium chloride in 50.00 g water. Which of the following statements concerning the
ff ff ff ff ff ff f f ff ff ff ff ff ff
saline solution and the law of conservation of mass is/are correct?
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
1. The mass of the saline solution is greater than the mass of water.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
2. The mass of the saline solution is equal to the combined mass of
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
sodium chloride and water.
ff ff ff ff
3. The mass of the saline solution is greater than the mass of the
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sodium chloride.
ff ff
, A) 1 only ff
B) 2 only ff
C) 3 only ff
D) 1 and 2 ff ff
E) 1, 2, and 3 ff ff ff
ANS: D PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | matter
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5. A 19.0-g sample of lithium is completely burned in air to form lithium oxide. The mass
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
of lithium oxide must be
ff ff ff ff ff
A) less than 19.0 g. ff ff ff
B) greater than 19.0 g. ff ff ff
C) equal to 19.0 g. ff ff ff
D) all of the above. ff ff ff
E) none of the above. ff ff ff
ANS: B PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1) ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | matter
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6. A sample of silicon is burned in oxygen to form silicon dioxide. What mass of oxygen is
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consumed if 57.76 g silicon dioxide is formed from 27.00 g silicon?
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A) 30.76 g ff
B) 84.76 g ff
C) 1559.59 g ff
D) 0.47 g ff
E) none of the above. ff ff ff
ANS: A PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | matter
ff ff ff ff
7. In a certain chemical reaction, 7.29 g of compound A is added to 5.70 g of compound
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B. Once the reaction is complete, 3.60 g of compound A and 1.17 g of compound B
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remain. What mass of products was produced?
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A) 17.76 g ff
B) 4.53 g ff
C) 8.22 g ff
D) 3.69 g ff
E) 4.77 g ff
ANS: C PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1) ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | matter KEY: Law of Conservation of ff ff ff f f ff ff ff
Mass MSC: general chemistry
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8. A 5.77 g sample of calcium carbonate completely decomposes into calcium oxide (lime) and
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carbon dioxide gas when heated. If 3.23 g calcium oxide is produced, what mass of
ff ff ff ff ff f f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
carbon dioxide must have been formed?
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, A) 2.54 g ff
B) 9.00 g ff
C) 18.65 g ff
D) 0.56 g ff
E) 1.92 g ff
ANS: A PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | matter
ff ff ff ff
9. A sample of rubidium carbonate, weighing 7.00 g, requires 2.20 g of hydrogen chloride
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gas to completely decompose to water, rubidium chloride, and carbon dioxide gas.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
The total ff
mass of water and rubidium chloride formed is 7.90 g and no hydrogen chloride or
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rubidium carbonate remains. According to the law of conservation of mass, what mass
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of carbon dioxide must have been formed?
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A) 1.30 g ff
B) 0.90 g ff
C) 8.65 g ff
D) 17.10 g ff
E) 3.07 g ff
ANS: A PTS: 1 ff ff DIF: moderate REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TOP: general concepts | matter
ff ff ff ff
10. Sodium oxide reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide. Suppose 18.6 g of sodium
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
oxide is combined with 33.7 g of water. When the reaction is complete, all the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff f f ff ff ff ff ff ff
sodium oxide has been consumed. According to the law of conservation of mass,
ff ff ff ff ff f f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
which is a true statement?
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A) The mass of sodium hydroxide produced must equal 52.3 g.
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B) The mass of unreacted water must equal 15.1 g.
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C) The mass of sodium hydroxide produced must equal 18.6 g.
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D) The mass of water consumed must equal 18.6 g.
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E) The mass of sodium hydroxide produced plus the mass of unreacted water
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must equal 52.3 g.
ff ff ff ff
ANS: E PTS: 1 f f DIF: difficult REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1)
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TOP: general concepts | matter KEY: Law of Conservation of ff ff ff f f ff ff ff
Mass MSC: general chemistry
ff ff f f ff
11. After a certain chemical reaction has completed, it is found that 33.7 g of product was
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
produced. According to the law of conservation of mass, which statement must be
ff f f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
true?
ff
A) The total mass consumed of all reactants was 33.7 g.
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B) The mass consumed of each reactant was 33.7 g.
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C) The mass of reactants consumed depends on the number of reactants present.
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D) Before the reaction started, there was 33.7 g total of all reactants.
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E) Before the reaction started, there was 33.7 g of each reactant.
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ANS: A PTS: 1 f f DIF: difficult REF: 1.3
OBJ: Apply the law of the conservation of mass. (Example 1.1)
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