NSG 526 Exam 1
First Principle of Psychotherapy ANS: Viewing a new patient as a whole person with a unique
personality and lifestyle, aiming to uncover personal strengths.
Second Principle of Psychotherapy ANS: Requiring a good match between the patient and the therapist,
with strong rapport-building skills and communication at the patient's level.
Common Myth in Psychotherapy ANS: Psychologists can read minds,
(behavior is complex and the actual problem faced by the patient may differ significantly from the one
initially described).
Assessment of Readiness to Change ANS: The therapist assessing each patient, being attentive to signs
of openness or resistance.
Patient's Desire for Change ANS: The assumption that patients deeply desire change, despite any
resistance exhibited, and the importance of cultivating hope and encouraging positive change.
Role of the Patient in Change ANS: The patient being responsible for initiating and implementing
change, while the therapist facilitates the process and provides support.
Belief in Growth Potential ANS: Operating from the principle that each person has the capacity for
psychological growth, viewing problems as opportunities for growth and believing in the potential for
continuous improvement.
Teaching Techniques and Procedures ANS: Therapists teaching to help patients manage their issues,
such as:
relaxation exercises,
scheduling positive activities,
challenging negative thinking patterns, and
,learning social skills.
Activation/Inhibition Coordination ANS: Helping patients initiate positive actions and thoughts while
inhibiting blockages to change.
Hope in Psychotherapy ANS: The necessity for patients and therapists to maintain hope, especially
when therapists understand their patients and therapy scientifically.
Understanding Patients for Instilling Hope ANS: Therapists who understand their patients and therapy
scientifically can better instill hope by providing appropriate support and guidance.
Four Core Principles in Ethical Reasoning in Healthcare ANS: Autonomy, justice, beneficence, and
nonmaleficence.
Fifth Core Principle in Ethical Reasoning Framework ANS: Fidelity, added by Kitchener to the ethical
reasoning framework.
Foundational Principles in Ethical Guidelines for Counselors ANS: Considered vital in ethical guidelines
for counselors.
Purpose of Reviewing Ethical Principles in Counseling ANS: To clarify issues involved in a given situation.
Importance of Autonomy, Justice, Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, and Fidelity in Counseling ANS: Vital
for establishing a healthy counseling relationship and understanding conflicting issues.
Principle of Autonomy ANS: Respect for independence and self-determination, allowing individuals the
freedom of choice and action.
,Essence of the Autonomy Principle ANS: Allowing individuals the freedom of choice and action, with the
importance of helping clients understand societal context and the ability to make sound decisions.
Justice in Ethical Counseling Practice ANS: Treating equals equally and unequals unequally but in
proportion to their relevant differences, including providing accommodations and adaptations for
individuals with disabilities.
Beneficence in Counseling Practice ANS: The counselor's responsibility to contribute to the welfare of
the client.
Nonmaleficence in Ethical Counseling Practice ANS: The concept of not causing harm to others, often
summarized as 'do no harm,' reflecting the idea of not inflicting intentional harm and not engaging in
actions that risk harming others.
Fidelity in Counseling Ethics ANS: Loyalty, faithfulness, and honoring commitments within the
therapeutic relationship, ensuring trust and faith in the therapeutic relationship, facilitating growth for
the client.
Examining Ethical Dilemmas in Counseling ANS: To understand how ethical principles apply to specific
cases, working through the steps of an ethical decision-making model, typically involving seven steps
and considering multiple perspectives.
Ethical Decision-Making Model ANS: Involving seven steps, considering the worldview of clients and
others affected by the decision, and incorporating works by various authors into the model.
Importance of Multiple Perspectives in Ethical Decision-Making ANS: To ensure fairness and inclusivity
in the decision-making process.
First Step in the Ethical Decision-Making Model ANS: Identifying the problem, gathering specific and
objective facts, and asking specific questions to clarify the ethical, legal, professional, or clinical nature
of the problem.
, Second Step in the Ethical Decision-Making Model ANS: Applying the ACA Code of Ethics, considering
multicultural perspectives and implications of technology, and proceeding with further steps if the
problem is not resolved.
Third Step in the Ethical Decision-Making Model ANS: Determining the nature and dimensions of the
dilemma, examining the implications for foundational principles, reviewing relevant professional
literature, consulting with experienced counselors/supervisors, and contacting professional associations.
Fourth Step in the Ethical Decision-Making Model ANS: Generating potential courses of action,
evaluating each option, eliminating those with undesirable outcomes, and selecting the best option(s)
that address the situation and priorities.
Tests Used to Evaluate the Selected Course of Action ANS: Justice, publicity, and universality, followed
by assessing the effects and consequences of the chosen course of action.
Realization About Different Professional Choices ANS: Acknowledging that different professionals may
choose different courses of action for the same situation, as there is rarely one right answer to a
complex ethical dilemma.
Assurance of Following a Systematic Model ANS: Ensuring the ability to give a professional explanation
for the chosen course of action.
Documentation of Ethical Decision-Making Process ANS: Documenting the decision-making process in
the client file to provide professional justification for the chosen course of action.
Conditions for Acting Ethically Regarding a Client ANS: Maintaining personal and professional honesty,
acting in the best interests of the client, acting without malice or personal gain, and justifying actions as
the best judgment based on the current state of the profession.
First Principle of Psychotherapy ANS: Viewing a new patient as a whole person with a unique
personality and lifestyle, aiming to uncover personal strengths.
Second Principle of Psychotherapy ANS: Requiring a good match between the patient and the therapist,
with strong rapport-building skills and communication at the patient's level.
Common Myth in Psychotherapy ANS: Psychologists can read minds,
(behavior is complex and the actual problem faced by the patient may differ significantly from the one
initially described).
Assessment of Readiness to Change ANS: The therapist assessing each patient, being attentive to signs
of openness or resistance.
Patient's Desire for Change ANS: The assumption that patients deeply desire change, despite any
resistance exhibited, and the importance of cultivating hope and encouraging positive change.
Role of the Patient in Change ANS: The patient being responsible for initiating and implementing
change, while the therapist facilitates the process and provides support.
Belief in Growth Potential ANS: Operating from the principle that each person has the capacity for
psychological growth, viewing problems as opportunities for growth and believing in the potential for
continuous improvement.
Teaching Techniques and Procedures ANS: Therapists teaching to help patients manage their issues,
such as:
relaxation exercises,
scheduling positive activities,
challenging negative thinking patterns, and
,learning social skills.
Activation/Inhibition Coordination ANS: Helping patients initiate positive actions and thoughts while
inhibiting blockages to change.
Hope in Psychotherapy ANS: The necessity for patients and therapists to maintain hope, especially
when therapists understand their patients and therapy scientifically.
Understanding Patients for Instilling Hope ANS: Therapists who understand their patients and therapy
scientifically can better instill hope by providing appropriate support and guidance.
Four Core Principles in Ethical Reasoning in Healthcare ANS: Autonomy, justice, beneficence, and
nonmaleficence.
Fifth Core Principle in Ethical Reasoning Framework ANS: Fidelity, added by Kitchener to the ethical
reasoning framework.
Foundational Principles in Ethical Guidelines for Counselors ANS: Considered vital in ethical guidelines
for counselors.
Purpose of Reviewing Ethical Principles in Counseling ANS: To clarify issues involved in a given situation.
Importance of Autonomy, Justice, Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, and Fidelity in Counseling ANS: Vital
for establishing a healthy counseling relationship and understanding conflicting issues.
Principle of Autonomy ANS: Respect for independence and self-determination, allowing individuals the
freedom of choice and action.
,Essence of the Autonomy Principle ANS: Allowing individuals the freedom of choice and action, with the
importance of helping clients understand societal context and the ability to make sound decisions.
Justice in Ethical Counseling Practice ANS: Treating equals equally and unequals unequally but in
proportion to their relevant differences, including providing accommodations and adaptations for
individuals with disabilities.
Beneficence in Counseling Practice ANS: The counselor's responsibility to contribute to the welfare of
the client.
Nonmaleficence in Ethical Counseling Practice ANS: The concept of not causing harm to others, often
summarized as 'do no harm,' reflecting the idea of not inflicting intentional harm and not engaging in
actions that risk harming others.
Fidelity in Counseling Ethics ANS: Loyalty, faithfulness, and honoring commitments within the
therapeutic relationship, ensuring trust and faith in the therapeutic relationship, facilitating growth for
the client.
Examining Ethical Dilemmas in Counseling ANS: To understand how ethical principles apply to specific
cases, working through the steps of an ethical decision-making model, typically involving seven steps
and considering multiple perspectives.
Ethical Decision-Making Model ANS: Involving seven steps, considering the worldview of clients and
others affected by the decision, and incorporating works by various authors into the model.
Importance of Multiple Perspectives in Ethical Decision-Making ANS: To ensure fairness and inclusivity
in the decision-making process.
First Step in the Ethical Decision-Making Model ANS: Identifying the problem, gathering specific and
objective facts, and asking specific questions to clarify the ethical, legal, professional, or clinical nature
of the problem.
, Second Step in the Ethical Decision-Making Model ANS: Applying the ACA Code of Ethics, considering
multicultural perspectives and implications of technology, and proceeding with further steps if the
problem is not resolved.
Third Step in the Ethical Decision-Making Model ANS: Determining the nature and dimensions of the
dilemma, examining the implications for foundational principles, reviewing relevant professional
literature, consulting with experienced counselors/supervisors, and contacting professional associations.
Fourth Step in the Ethical Decision-Making Model ANS: Generating potential courses of action,
evaluating each option, eliminating those with undesirable outcomes, and selecting the best option(s)
that address the situation and priorities.
Tests Used to Evaluate the Selected Course of Action ANS: Justice, publicity, and universality, followed
by assessing the effects and consequences of the chosen course of action.
Realization About Different Professional Choices ANS: Acknowledging that different professionals may
choose different courses of action for the same situation, as there is rarely one right answer to a
complex ethical dilemma.
Assurance of Following a Systematic Model ANS: Ensuring the ability to give a professional explanation
for the chosen course of action.
Documentation of Ethical Decision-Making Process ANS: Documenting the decision-making process in
the client file to provide professional justification for the chosen course of action.
Conditions for Acting Ethically Regarding a Client ANS: Maintaining personal and professional honesty,
acting in the best interests of the client, acting without malice or personal gain, and justifying actions as
the best judgment based on the current state of the profession.
