, Test bank for Human Learning 7th Edition Ormrod
u u u u u u u
CHAPTERu1
PERSPECTIVESuONuLEARNING
MultipleuChoiceuQuestions
Humanubeingsuundoubtedlyulearnumoreuduringutheucourseuofuaulifetimeuthanua
nyuotheruspeciesuonuearth.uTheumajoruresultuofuthisucapacityutoulearnuisuthat:
Newuinstinctsubeginutouemerge.
Humanuthoughtubecomesulessulogicaluwithueachugeneration.u
Humansucanubenefitufromutheiruexperiences.
Humansuareutheuonlyuspeciesuwhoseubehaviorucannotubeuanalyzeduinut
ermsuofustimuliuanduresponses.
Threeuofutheufollowinguareuexamplesuofulearning.uWhichuoneuisunot?
Abigailucriesuwhenusheustepsuonuausharpupebble.
Afterumanyuhoursuofuheatedudebate,uBrianubeginsutouadvocateu
politicalupracticesuheuhasupreviouslyuopposed.
Carausuddenlyurecognizesuhowutheudivisionufactu―24u’u4u=u6‖uisurelatedut
outheumultiplicationufactu―6uxu4u=u24.‖
DaviduhasubeenurunninguawayufromuGermanushepherdsueverusinceuheu
wasubittenubyuauGermanushepherdutwou yearsuago.
Reyneldauhasutroubleutracinguaucomplexushapeuwithuaupenciluwhenusheuisuinuki
ndergarten,ubutusheucanudouituquiteuwellubyutheutimeusheuisuinusecondugrade.uIsuthis
uanuinstanceuofulearning?
Yes,ubecauseuherubehavioruhasuchanged.
No,ubecauseutheucircumstancesuareutooudissimilar.
Maybe,ualthoughutheuchangeumayusimplyubeudueutou
physiologicalumaturation.
Maybe,ubutuonlyuifusheuisubeingureinforceduforutracinguaccurately.
2
, Chapteru1u–uPerspectivesuonuLearning
Threeuofutheufollowinguillustrateuvariousuwaysuthatulearningumightu beureflected
uinuauperson‘subehavior.uWhichuoneuofutheufollowinguchangesudoesunotunecessarilyu
reflectulearning?
Althoughuit‘suauschoolunight,uDeanuplaysuvideougamesuuntiluwellupastuhisuu
sualubedtime.uAsuheubecomesumoreutired,uheufindsuituincreasinglyudifficult
utouconcentrateuonuwhatuhe‘sudoing.
Evenuasuauyounguchild,uJerryucouldutelluyouuthatuhisugrandparentsui
mmigratedutoutheuUniteduStatesufromuIreland.uButuafteruauconversa
tionuwithuhisugrandmother,uheucanunowudescribeutheucircumstances
uofutheufamily‘suimmigrationuinuconsiderableudetail.
Dayuafteruday,uMartinupracticesuhisubasketballuskillsu (shooting,udribbling,u
etc.)uonuaubasketballucourtuatuaulocalupark.uWithueachupracticeusession,uhisu
movementsubecomeufasteruandusmoother.
Lewisuoccasionallyuasksuforuhelpuwhenuheuhasudifficultyuwithuhisuclassw
ork,ubutumostuofutheutimeuheujustustrugglesuquietlyuonuhisuown.uAfteruhisut
eacheruassuresuhimuthatuaskinguforuhelpuisunotuausignuofuweaknessuoruinab
ility,uheubeginsuaskinguforuhelpumuchumoreufrequently.
u researchuexaminesulearninguinutightlyucontrolledusettingsuand
u researchuexaminesulearninguinureal-worldusettings.
Applied;uBasicuBasi
c;uQualitativeuQualit
ative;uApplieduBasic;
uApplied
Auprincipleuofulearningucanubestubeucharacterizeduas:
Audescriptionuofutheuresultsuofuauparticularuresearchustudy
Austatementuthatudescribesuhowuauparticularufactoruaffectsulearning
Theumeasurementuofuhowumuchulearninguhasuoccurreduinuaup
articularusituation
Anuexplanationuofutheuunderlyinguprocessesuthroughuwhichulearninguoccurs
Autheoryuofulearningucanubestubeucharacterizeduas:
Audescriptionuofutheuresultsuofuauparticularuresearchustudy
Austatementuthatudescribesuhowuauparticularufactoruaffectsulearning
Theumeasurementuofuhowumuchulearninguhasuoccurreduinuaup
articularusituation
Anuexplanationuofutheuunderlyinguprocessesuthroughuwhichulearninguoccurs
3
, Chapteru1u–uPerspectivesuonuLearning
Threeuofutheufollowinguareuprinciplesuofulearning.uWhichuoneuisuautheory
ofulearninguratheruthanuauprinciple?
Aubehavioruthatuisufollowedubyupunishmentudecreasesuinufrequency.
Peopleulearnubyumakingumentaluassociationsubetweenunewuinformationu
andutheiruexistinguknowledge.
Auresponseuthatuisurewardedueveryutimeuituoccursuincreasesumoreur
apidlyuthanuauresponseuthatuisuonlyuoccasionallyurewarded.
Studentsutendutourememberumoreuofuaulectureuifutheyutakeunotesuonuthe
ulecture‘sucontent.
Whichuoneuofutheufollowingucommonusayingsubestureflectsutheuconceptuo
fuintrospection?
―Whereuthere‘suauwill,uthere‘suauway.‖
―Nothinguventured,unothingugained.‖
―Aupennyuforu youruthoughts.‖
―Olduhabitsudieuhard.‖
Whichuoneuofutheufollowingucommonusayingsubestureflectsutheubasicup
remiseuunderlyingusocialulearningutheory?
―Monkeyusee,umonkeyudo.‖
―Spareutheuroduanduspoilutheuchild.‖
―Aufrienduinuneeduisuaufrienduindeed.‖
―Aurollingustoneugathersunoumoss.‖
Whichuoneuofutheufollowingustatementsuprovidesutheumostucredibleuexplan
ationuforutheufactuthatuhumanubeingsuseemutousurpassualluotheruanimaluspeciesu
inutheiruthinkinguandulearningucapacities?
Onlyuhumanubeingsuhaveutheucapabilityutoumakeutools.
Humansucommunicateuregularlyuwithuoneuanotheruand,uinudoinguso,u
passualonguwhatuthey‘veulearnedutoufutureugenerations.
Humanubeingsuhaveuauhugeurepertoireuofuinstinctualubehaviorsufromu
whichutheyucanudrawuwhenutheyuencounterunewuexperiences.
Humanubrainsuareusmalleruthanuthoseuofuotheruintelligentuspeciesu(e.g.,uel
ephants,udolphins)uanduthereforeucanutransmitumessagesumoreuquicklyuan
duefficiently.
4
u u u u u u u
CHAPTERu1
PERSPECTIVESuONuLEARNING
MultipleuChoiceuQuestions
Humanubeingsuundoubtedlyulearnumoreuduringutheucourseuofuaulifetimeuthanua
nyuotheruspeciesuonuearth.uTheumajoruresultuofuthisucapacityutoulearnuisuthat:
Newuinstinctsubeginutouemerge.
Humanuthoughtubecomesulessulogicaluwithueachugeneration.u
Humansucanubenefitufromutheiruexperiences.
Humansuareutheuonlyuspeciesuwhoseubehaviorucannotubeuanalyzeduinut
ermsuofustimuliuanduresponses.
Threeuofutheufollowinguareuexamplesuofulearning.uWhichuoneuisunot?
Abigailucriesuwhenusheustepsuonuausharpupebble.
Afterumanyuhoursuofuheatedudebate,uBrianubeginsutouadvocateu
politicalupracticesuheuhasupreviouslyuopposed.
Carausuddenlyurecognizesuhowutheudivisionufactu―24u’u4u=u6‖uisurelatedut
outheumultiplicationufactu―6uxu4u=u24.‖
DaviduhasubeenurunninguawayufromuGermanushepherdsueverusinceuheu
wasubittenubyuauGermanushepherdutwou yearsuago.
Reyneldauhasutroubleutracinguaucomplexushapeuwithuaupenciluwhenusheuisuinuki
ndergarten,ubutusheucanudouituquiteuwellubyutheutimeusheuisuinusecondugrade.uIsuthis
uanuinstanceuofulearning?
Yes,ubecauseuherubehavioruhasuchanged.
No,ubecauseutheucircumstancesuareutooudissimilar.
Maybe,ualthoughutheuchangeumayusimplyubeudueutou
physiologicalumaturation.
Maybe,ubutuonlyuifusheuisubeingureinforceduforutracinguaccurately.
2
, Chapteru1u–uPerspectivesuonuLearning
Threeuofutheufollowinguillustrateuvariousuwaysuthatulearningumightu beureflected
uinuauperson‘subehavior.uWhichuoneuofutheufollowinguchangesudoesunotunecessarilyu
reflectulearning?
Althoughuit‘suauschoolunight,uDeanuplaysuvideougamesuuntiluwellupastuhisuu
sualubedtime.uAsuheubecomesumoreutired,uheufindsuituincreasinglyudifficult
utouconcentrateuonuwhatuhe‘sudoing.
Evenuasuauyounguchild,uJerryucouldutelluyouuthatuhisugrandparentsui
mmigratedutoutheuUniteduStatesufromuIreland.uButuafteruauconversa
tionuwithuhisugrandmother,uheucanunowudescribeutheucircumstances
uofutheufamily‘suimmigrationuinuconsiderableudetail.
Dayuafteruday,uMartinupracticesuhisubasketballuskillsu (shooting,udribbling,u
etc.)uonuaubasketballucourtuatuaulocalupark.uWithueachupracticeusession,uhisu
movementsubecomeufasteruandusmoother.
Lewisuoccasionallyuasksuforuhelpuwhenuheuhasudifficultyuwithuhisuclassw
ork,ubutumostuofutheutimeuheujustustrugglesuquietlyuonuhisuown.uAfteruhisut
eacheruassuresuhimuthatuaskinguforuhelpuisunotuausignuofuweaknessuoruinab
ility,uheubeginsuaskinguforuhelpumuchumoreufrequently.
u researchuexaminesulearninguinutightlyucontrolledusettingsuand
u researchuexaminesulearninguinureal-worldusettings.
Applied;uBasicuBasi
c;uQualitativeuQualit
ative;uApplieduBasic;
uApplied
Auprincipleuofulearningucanubestubeucharacterizeduas:
Audescriptionuofutheuresultsuofuauparticularuresearchustudy
Austatementuthatudescribesuhowuauparticularufactoruaffectsulearning
Theumeasurementuofuhowumuchulearninguhasuoccurreduinuaup
articularusituation
Anuexplanationuofutheuunderlyinguprocessesuthroughuwhichulearninguoccurs
Autheoryuofulearningucanubestubeucharacterizeduas:
Audescriptionuofutheuresultsuofuauparticularuresearchustudy
Austatementuthatudescribesuhowuauparticularufactoruaffectsulearning
Theumeasurementuofuhowumuchulearninguhasuoccurreduinuaup
articularusituation
Anuexplanationuofutheuunderlyinguprocessesuthroughuwhichulearninguoccurs
3
, Chapteru1u–uPerspectivesuonuLearning
Threeuofutheufollowinguareuprinciplesuofulearning.uWhichuoneuisuautheory
ofulearninguratheruthanuauprinciple?
Aubehavioruthatuisufollowedubyupunishmentudecreasesuinufrequency.
Peopleulearnubyumakingumentaluassociationsubetweenunewuinformationu
andutheiruexistinguknowledge.
Auresponseuthatuisurewardedueveryutimeuituoccursuincreasesumoreur
apidlyuthanuauresponseuthatuisuonlyuoccasionallyurewarded.
Studentsutendutourememberumoreuofuaulectureuifutheyutakeunotesuonuthe
ulecture‘sucontent.
Whichuoneuofutheufollowingucommonusayingsubestureflectsutheuconceptuo
fuintrospection?
―Whereuthere‘suauwill,uthere‘suauway.‖
―Nothinguventured,unothingugained.‖
―Aupennyuforu youruthoughts.‖
―Olduhabitsudieuhard.‖
Whichuoneuofutheufollowingucommonusayingsubestureflectsutheubasicup
remiseuunderlyingusocialulearningutheory?
―Monkeyusee,umonkeyudo.‖
―Spareutheuroduanduspoilutheuchild.‖
―Aufrienduinuneeduisuaufrienduindeed.‖
―Aurollingustoneugathersunoumoss.‖
Whichuoneuofutheufollowingustatementsuprovidesutheumostucredibleuexplan
ationuforutheufactuthatuhumanubeingsuseemutousurpassualluotheruanimaluspeciesu
inutheiruthinkinguandulearningucapacities?
Onlyuhumanubeingsuhaveutheucapabilityutoumakeutools.
Humansucommunicateuregularlyuwithuoneuanotheruand,uinudoinguso,u
passualonguwhatuthey‘veulearnedutoufutureugenerations.
Humanubeingsuhaveuauhugeurepertoireuofuinstinctualubehaviorsufromu
whichutheyucanudrawuwhenutheyuencounterunewuexperiences.
Humanubrainsuareusmalleruthanuthoseuofuotheruintelligentuspeciesu(e.g.,uel
ephants,udolphins)uanduthereforeucanutransmitumessagesumoreuquicklyuan
duefficiently.
4
