STATISTICS PORTAGE CNSL 503
EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
standard error ANSW✅✅the average difference between each sample mean and the population
mean
Standard error indicates... ANSW✅✅how much variability exists between samples
Standard error provides as measure of the ____ ANSW✅✅sampling error
The larger the standard error, the ____ you would expect the sampling error to be.
ANSW✅✅larger
How do you reduce the standard error? ANSW✅✅increase sample size
probability ANSW✅✅the likelihood of a certain outcome occurring
outcome ANSW✅✅the possible result of an observation
formula for probability of discrete variables ANSW✅✅p(A)= (number of ways A can
happen)/(total number of outcomes)
Probability must be between ____. ANSW✅✅0 and 1
0= ANSW✅✅no chance happening
1= ANSW✅✅happens all the time
Probability cannot be ... ANSW✅✅negative or greater than 1
, Probability is usually reported as a.... ANSW✅✅decimal
Probability is the same as.... ANSW✅✅proportion
relative frequency method ANSW✅✅repeating observations many times and counting the
number of times an outcome occurs
formula for relative frequency method ANSW✅✅p(A)= (number of times A happened)/(total
number of observations)
statistical significance ANSW✅✅when a result is not likely to be from the population (far into
extremity/outlier)
p value ANSW✅✅the probability of obtaining the sample statistic observed or more extreme
from the original population
By convention, if p is less than or equal to 0.05, the result is considered... ANSW✅✅statistically
significant (possible, but unlikely)
other commonly used cutoffs ANSW✅✅p is less than or equal to 0.01 and 0.001
hypothesis testing ANSW✅✅the formal process by which the sample data is used to evaluate a
statistical hypothesis
statistical hypothesis ANSW✅✅a claim about a population
Hypothesis testing is based on.... ANSW✅✅probability, its not black and white; about making a
best guess
4 steps of hypothesis testing ANSW✅✅1. state the hypothesis
2. establish the decision criteria
3. collect data and compute sample statistics
4. make a decision
EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
standard error ANSW✅✅the average difference between each sample mean and the population
mean
Standard error indicates... ANSW✅✅how much variability exists between samples
Standard error provides as measure of the ____ ANSW✅✅sampling error
The larger the standard error, the ____ you would expect the sampling error to be.
ANSW✅✅larger
How do you reduce the standard error? ANSW✅✅increase sample size
probability ANSW✅✅the likelihood of a certain outcome occurring
outcome ANSW✅✅the possible result of an observation
formula for probability of discrete variables ANSW✅✅p(A)= (number of ways A can
happen)/(total number of outcomes)
Probability must be between ____. ANSW✅✅0 and 1
0= ANSW✅✅no chance happening
1= ANSW✅✅happens all the time
Probability cannot be ... ANSW✅✅negative or greater than 1
, Probability is usually reported as a.... ANSW✅✅decimal
Probability is the same as.... ANSW✅✅proportion
relative frequency method ANSW✅✅repeating observations many times and counting the
number of times an outcome occurs
formula for relative frequency method ANSW✅✅p(A)= (number of times A happened)/(total
number of observations)
statistical significance ANSW✅✅when a result is not likely to be from the population (far into
extremity/outlier)
p value ANSW✅✅the probability of obtaining the sample statistic observed or more extreme
from the original population
By convention, if p is less than or equal to 0.05, the result is considered... ANSW✅✅statistically
significant (possible, but unlikely)
other commonly used cutoffs ANSW✅✅p is less than or equal to 0.01 and 0.001
hypothesis testing ANSW✅✅the formal process by which the sample data is used to evaluate a
statistical hypothesis
statistical hypothesis ANSW✅✅a claim about a population
Hypothesis testing is based on.... ANSW✅✅probability, its not black and white; about making a
best guess
4 steps of hypothesis testing ANSW✅✅1. state the hypothesis
2. establish the decision criteria
3. collect data and compute sample statistics
4. make a decision
