NR565 / NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Final Exam Review: Week 5, 6, 7 & 8
100% Guarantee Pass
WEEK 5: ...
1. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
What labs are used to diagnose?: -TSH - used primarily for screening and diag-
nosing hypothyroid and for monitoring replacement therapy in hypothyroid patients
-T4 - Used to monitor thyroid hormone replacement therapy and to screen for thyroid
dysfunction
-T3 - Useful in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism; can also be used to monitor hormone
replacement therapy
-TSH low
-T4 normal
,-T3 is high = hyperthyroidism
2. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
Timeframe for re-check of labs after starting levothyroxine?: Recheck TSH 6-8
weeks after initiating therapy and after any dosage change; Check TSH at least once a
year after serum TSH is stabilized
3. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?: Hypothyroidism: Depend on severity. o
Mild: subtle and may go unrecognized
o Moderate to severe:
-Face is pale, puffy, and expressionless.
-Skin cold and dry.
-Hair is brittle and hair loss occurs.
-Slowed Heart rate.
-Patient may complain of lethargy, fatigue, and
-Temperature is lowered & intolerant to cold.
-Thyroid Enlargement may occur if reduced levels of T3 and
T4
,Mentation may be impaired.
4. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
, Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism?: o Elevated Heart rate and strong, and
dysrhythmias and angina may develop
o The CNS is stimulated, resulting is nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow, and
rapid speech, hyperreflexia, tremors
o Skeletal muscles may weaken and atrophy
o Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in health and skin that is warm and moist o
Feeling Hot + Heat intolerance
o Appetit is increased but fails to match metabolic rate resulting in weight loss o
All of these signs are referred to as thyrotoxicosis
o Also usually present with exophthalmos - bulging of the eyes
5. Thyroid o
Treatment
Treatment of thyroid storm?: Characterized by profound hyperthermia (105 de-
grees F or higher), severe tachycardia, restlessness, agitation, and tremor.
Unconsciousness, coma, hypotension, and heart failure may ensure. These
symptoms are produced by excessive levels of thyroid hormone Thyroid
crisis can be life threatening and requires immediate treatment.
o High doses of potassium iodide or strong iodine solution are given to suppress
thyroid hormone release.
o Methimazole is given to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis o
A beta blocker is given to reduce heart rate
o Additional measures include sedation, cooling, and giving
Final Exam Review: Week 5, 6, 7 & 8
100% Guarantee Pass
WEEK 5: ...
1. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
What labs are used to diagnose?: -TSH - used primarily for screening and diag-
nosing hypothyroid and for monitoring replacement therapy in hypothyroid patients
-T4 - Used to monitor thyroid hormone replacement therapy and to screen for thyroid
dysfunction
-T3 - Useful in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism; can also be used to monitor hormone
replacement therapy
-TSH low
-T4 normal
,-T3 is high = hyperthyroidism
2. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
Timeframe for re-check of labs after starting levothyroxine?: Recheck TSH 6-8
weeks after initiating therapy and after any dosage change; Check TSH at least once a
year after serum TSH is stabilized
3. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?: Hypothyroidism: Depend on severity. o
Mild: subtle and may go unrecognized
o Moderate to severe:
-Face is pale, puffy, and expressionless.
-Skin cold and dry.
-Hair is brittle and hair loss occurs.
-Slowed Heart rate.
-Patient may complain of lethargy, fatigue, and
-Temperature is lowered & intolerant to cold.
-Thyroid Enlargement may occur if reduced levels of T3 and
T4
,Mentation may be impaired.
4. Thyroid
o Diagnosis & Evaluation
, Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism?: o Elevated Heart rate and strong, and
dysrhythmias and angina may develop
o The CNS is stimulated, resulting is nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow, and
rapid speech, hyperreflexia, tremors
o Skeletal muscles may weaken and atrophy
o Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in health and skin that is warm and moist o
Feeling Hot + Heat intolerance
o Appetit is increased but fails to match metabolic rate resulting in weight loss o
All of these signs are referred to as thyrotoxicosis
o Also usually present with exophthalmos - bulging of the eyes
5. Thyroid o
Treatment
Treatment of thyroid storm?: Characterized by profound hyperthermia (105 de-
grees F or higher), severe tachycardia, restlessness, agitation, and tremor.
Unconsciousness, coma, hypotension, and heart failure may ensure. These
symptoms are produced by excessive levels of thyroid hormone Thyroid
crisis can be life threatening and requires immediate treatment.
o High doses of potassium iodide or strong iodine solution are given to suppress
thyroid hormone release.
o Methimazole is given to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis o
A beta blocker is given to reduce heart rate
o Additional measures include sedation, cooling, and giving
