1|Page
CANADIAN FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING, 6TH EDITION
LATEST UPDATE 2025-2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES
You are a nurse researcher interviewing senior oncology nurses, asking them to describe how
they deal with the loss of a patient. The analysis of the interviews yields common themes
describing the nurses' grief. This is an example of which type of study? - ANSWER: Qualitative
study.
(A qualitative study involves inductive reasoning to develop generalizations or theories from
specific observations or interviews. Historical research establishes facts and relationships
concerning past events. Correlational research is exploration of the interrelationships among
variables of interest without any intervention by the researcher. An experimental study involves
the use of tightly controlled subject groups, variables, and procedures to eliminate bias and
ensure that findings can be generalized to similar groups of subjects.)
A nurse manager is researching the effects of staff shortages on job satisfaction among new
graduates. Which of the following would be the most effective way to gather data? - ANSWER:
By interviewing staff nurses on the unit regarding their perceptions.
(A qualitative research study can be carried out effectively, in this case, in order to explore and
describe the perceptions of staff nurses about staff shortages and their job satisfaction. Through
narrative interviews, the participants' perceptions can be compared, and common characteristics
can be discovered. It is difficult to collect data about perceptions or feelings without talking to
those involved. Quantitative survey and experimental research involves precise measurements
and would not be of use in this study of perceptions. Although obtaining suggestions for possible
solutions could be useful, it does not help to identify the problems on this specific unit. The data
must be collected first.)
Which of the following could be a barrier to nursing research? - ANSWER: Shortage of
professional nursing staff.
, 2|Page
(Shortage of staff could mean less time and personnel to conduct and participate in research.
Nursing teams that have teamwork skills can aid research. The desire to change is an incentive
for research. Pressure from higher levels in the organization is also an incentive for research.)
An advanced-practice nurse in the community has completed a research project showing that
follow-up care for women who have experienced gestational diabetes is not adequate. As a
member of an interdisciplinary team, the nurse writes a policy guiding follow-up standards for
all postpartum women. In effecting change, the nurse would be involving which principle? -
ANSWER: Social justice.
(The concept of social justice is also related to a concern for equitable distribution of resources,
like the principle of justice, but goes beyond this, encouraging the nurse to seek ways to effect a
change in the larger health care system and societal structure in order to create greater equity for
all. In this example, the nurse is moving toward this in the actions of writing a policy. Autonomy
is the ability to operate independently. In this case, the nurse is working as part of an
interdisciplinary team and not focusing on upholding a patient's autonomy. Ethics of care is a
philosophy of care not specifically referred to here.)
It may seem redundant that health care providers pledge to "do no harm" to patients. The purpose
of this oath is to reassure the public that the health care team will work to heal patients with as
little pain and harm as possible. Which principle underlies this pledge? - ANSWER:
Nonmaleficence.
(Nonmaleficence means not causing harm. Beneficence means providing the best care possible.
Accountability refers to answerability for one's actions. Respect for autonomy means allowing
patients to choose their own course of care.)
A child's immunization may cause discomfort during administration, but the benefits of
protection from disease outweigh the temporary discomforts. Which principle applies to this
situation? - ANSWER: Beneficence.
(Beneficence means doing or promoting good for others. Commitment to beneficence helps
guide difficult decisions. Balancing the risks between the temporary pain of an injection and the
extended benefits is an example. Fidelity means being true to one's work. Nonmaleficence means
CANADIAN FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING, 6TH EDITION
LATEST UPDATE 2025-2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES
You are a nurse researcher interviewing senior oncology nurses, asking them to describe how
they deal with the loss of a patient. The analysis of the interviews yields common themes
describing the nurses' grief. This is an example of which type of study? - ANSWER: Qualitative
study.
(A qualitative study involves inductive reasoning to develop generalizations or theories from
specific observations or interviews. Historical research establishes facts and relationships
concerning past events. Correlational research is exploration of the interrelationships among
variables of interest without any intervention by the researcher. An experimental study involves
the use of tightly controlled subject groups, variables, and procedures to eliminate bias and
ensure that findings can be generalized to similar groups of subjects.)
A nurse manager is researching the effects of staff shortages on job satisfaction among new
graduates. Which of the following would be the most effective way to gather data? - ANSWER:
By interviewing staff nurses on the unit regarding their perceptions.
(A qualitative research study can be carried out effectively, in this case, in order to explore and
describe the perceptions of staff nurses about staff shortages and their job satisfaction. Through
narrative interviews, the participants' perceptions can be compared, and common characteristics
can be discovered. It is difficult to collect data about perceptions or feelings without talking to
those involved. Quantitative survey and experimental research involves precise measurements
and would not be of use in this study of perceptions. Although obtaining suggestions for possible
solutions could be useful, it does not help to identify the problems on this specific unit. The data
must be collected first.)
Which of the following could be a barrier to nursing research? - ANSWER: Shortage of
professional nursing staff.
, 2|Page
(Shortage of staff could mean less time and personnel to conduct and participate in research.
Nursing teams that have teamwork skills can aid research. The desire to change is an incentive
for research. Pressure from higher levels in the organization is also an incentive for research.)
An advanced-practice nurse in the community has completed a research project showing that
follow-up care for women who have experienced gestational diabetes is not adequate. As a
member of an interdisciplinary team, the nurse writes a policy guiding follow-up standards for
all postpartum women. In effecting change, the nurse would be involving which principle? -
ANSWER: Social justice.
(The concept of social justice is also related to a concern for equitable distribution of resources,
like the principle of justice, but goes beyond this, encouraging the nurse to seek ways to effect a
change in the larger health care system and societal structure in order to create greater equity for
all. In this example, the nurse is moving toward this in the actions of writing a policy. Autonomy
is the ability to operate independently. In this case, the nurse is working as part of an
interdisciplinary team and not focusing on upholding a patient's autonomy. Ethics of care is a
philosophy of care not specifically referred to here.)
It may seem redundant that health care providers pledge to "do no harm" to patients. The purpose
of this oath is to reassure the public that the health care team will work to heal patients with as
little pain and harm as possible. Which principle underlies this pledge? - ANSWER:
Nonmaleficence.
(Nonmaleficence means not causing harm. Beneficence means providing the best care possible.
Accountability refers to answerability for one's actions. Respect for autonomy means allowing
patients to choose their own course of care.)
A child's immunization may cause discomfort during administration, but the benefits of
protection from disease outweigh the temporary discomforts. Which principle applies to this
situation? - ANSWER: Beneficence.
(Beneficence means doing or promoting good for others. Commitment to beneficence helps
guide difficult decisions. Balancing the risks between the temporary pain of an injection and the
extended benefits is an example. Fidelity means being true to one's work. Nonmaleficence means
